Increasing Trend of Drugs Usage in Pakistan Creating Threat to Human Security

INCREASING TREND OF DRUGS USAGE IN PAKISTAN CREATING THREAT TO HUMAN SECURITY

Adil Lashari

Department of Defense & Strategic Studies Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad

Introduction:
Human security can be defined as the protection of human rights and to fulfill the basic needs of human beings like food, nutrition, clean air and water, sanitation and other precautionary measures to prevent the spread of diseases. It also covers the vast areas of availability of education, health, social progress and developments in short ,human security basically focus on the needs or requirement of people and it also include the awareness of human rights and society it would also cover the awareness of social diseased like poverty, illiteracy, drugs addiction and its causes and consequences .
HUMAN SECURITY HAS TWO MAIN ASPECTS:
1. Safety from chronic threats, as hunger and diseases and repression.
2. It means protection from, from sudden threats and hurtful disruptions in the pattern of daily life, whether in homes, in jobs or in communities.
Pakistan has been suffering under drug abuse; the problem is from its existence till today. The drugs culture had started in Afghanistan and shifted towards Pakistan with the passage of time. Drug addiction has damaged the identity and dignity of Pakistan throughout the world. It also affects human security in Pakistan. It is so that Pakistan has been known as most significant and top rated state in producing drugs and smuggling of drugs all over the world. The basic about all this is poverty, illiteracy, unawareness about drug addiction. Pakistan has only a producing country but also a most victim of drugs itself. Drugs addiction has created so many problems, it could not be cover in a single, but it would be shortly analyze some basic some problems, which Pakistan has been facing from the social abuse, most important problem is its threat to human security. As we have already defined, human security means basic rights and needs of individual. Because of drug addiction the human rights, education, health, social status, development and good life go to waste. In the perspective of security threat, drugs affecting Pakistani society. There are four sources of security threats: National Security, Redefined Security, Intrastate Security and Human Security. Now we only deal with Human security. It focuses on military and non-military threats to the security of societies, groups and individuals. Under the main concept of human security, there are many other paradigms which come under the human security, following are which are effecting Pakistanis human security because of drugs increase are..
1. Social security:
Social security measures to ensure the individual social standard of living, it ensures certain standards of goods and services and this is all done by purchasing power to enjoy that standard of living.it also focus on our sources like food and shelter and also focus on a resources like food and shelter and protection from diseases and protection from risk of unemployment.so in concept of social security drugs user in Pakistan mostly are unaware of their social rights. These people lacks the capability to face things, drugs user relationships are in turmoil ,with their families ,friends…etc .because of their addiction, they start to loss there respect in there society, in term of finance and they lack the purchasing power of goods to enjoy the standard of living. And basic sources like food and shelter .digest manly focus to arrange some money to that they can buy drugs.

2. Personal Security:
Personal security depends on our living conditions which guide financial status, wealth a social prestige. It aims to protect individual from physical violence, from state or external states and from violent individuals creating risks and hazards for individuals. Society like Pakistan was there is so high increasing rate of drugs our society. Drugged user is mostly unaware of personal security. They become a source of threat to others as well as to them self also. To fulfill their drugs need they go for crime creating threat for other individuals.
3. Economic Security:
Economic security creates a situation which provides a stable source of financial income, which helps from ongoing maintenances of standard of living.Economic security is linked with basic social security; it defines the basic needs, like infrastructure pertaining to health, education dwelling, information and social protection. Economic security for drug user, is something not common to them, because of their addiction they cannot work properly, simply they miss a capability of employment. There are several jobs which drugs users cannot do like. (They cannot work for arm forces, policy, PIA…etc). Mostly they get low vages jobs.
4. Health Security:
Health security creates awareness to individual to secure good health, if not it provides different ways to option care to return to good health. It aim is to protect humans from diseases and unhealthy lifestyles. The threats to health security are usually to those people, how do not have basic necessities. The use of abusive drugs creates several health problems, for drugs users .most common diseases from which they suffer are cancers like mouth, throat. etc, TB, AIDs, and psychological problems. Drugs effect on immune system, which damages tissues of human body which results in to crating several diseases.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF DRUG ADDICTION IN PAKISTAN:
People are of the view that drug and Gun culture was introduced during in Zia regime, along with that he introduced ethnic and sectarian politics. As a result of that, nowadays we are suffering under such circumstances, and do not afraid to kill each other. On the other hand it is quite easy to win the battle of drug addiction in Pakistan. The younger generation is suffering more form this addiction. Pakistan is the major victim of the drug production in Afghanistan; approximately 50 percent of the drugs traded from Afghanistan are consumed here. Only 5 percent of the drug confiscated, but 95 percent of the drug reaches to drug adductors all over the world. Afghanistan is the cardinal reason for supplying of heroin not even in Pakistan, but all over the world. The heroin increases its value and importance, when it reaches to drug users or drug consumers.
PSYCOLOGICAL IMPACT OF DRUGS ON HUMAN:
Now a day, drugs are being commonly used in our society, the ratio of these users is rapidly increasing. Each day most of people consume sustainable substances which have certain qualities of drugs, like cola drinks, tea, coffee which all contain caffeine. Fag contains nicotine and drinks like wine and bear, which contain alcohol. Some of these drugs are being consumed by the millions of individuals, most commonly alcohol, and others are being used legally, like tea, coffee and fag. Drugs like heroin is also consumed by millions of individuals. If once a person is addicted than it will be quite difficult to end with it.

PSYCOLOGICAL AFFECTS OF HEROIN:
Affects of heroin on individual suffers from the withdrawal of symptoms like headaches, felling of sickness (nausea), stomach pains, dizziness sneering and very great desire for the drug.
PSYCOLOGICAL AFFECTS OF ALCOHOL:
Alcohol is not a medicine like drink or tea. It depresses the central nervous system of human being. In past days alcohol was used as anesthetic, because it releases the pain of the patient. While using high amount of alcohol an individual behave becomes unsteady. Let’s say he wanted to walk unsteadily. 0.25% of blood level alcohol can cause staggering and sever motor disturbance .0.35%for surgical anesthesia and 0.50%causes death.
Psychological effects of smoking:
Generally use of fag is determined that smoking is dangerous for your health. An individual knows all about its effects are written on the packet of cigarettes .now a days the youth is highly being motivated by smoking. It affects the health of human involving it in diseases like lunges cancer, creating weakness of eye sight and heart attack. The tar in cigarettes creates stains on smokers’ teeth and turns them yellow and brown. Psychologically when a smoker is taken away from fags then he becomes sleepy, nervous, light headed, and feels loss of energy and fatigue. Smokers do use of more coffee and tea as compared to non smokers. However a gathering of smokers are worried about what may happen and emotionally unstable than non smokers
Psychological effects of marijuana:
Marijuana is a common drugs, its popular name is cannabis sativa. Marijuana is made by dry leaves of cannabis plant. Most commonly marijuana smoked. The active ingredient in marijuana is used is (THC) “Tetrahydrocannabiool”. The use of marijuana effects can be felled in mints. Effects of these drugs start diminishing within one hour and are completely gone after three hours. Marijuana smokers have its adverse effects, it slows down reaction time; it may interfere with the retrieval of information from memory; and it produces a relaxed state and a false sense of elation and it has adverse psychological as well as neurological effects.
Psychological effects of LSD (LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMID):
A hallucinogen when ingested causes intensifying and distortion of sense experiences, moods functions, emotional and judgmental exaggerations, and vivid imagery.
Psychological effects of caffeine:
Caffeine is the world most commonly consumed drugs and legal drugs rather it is called domesticated drugs. Caffeine is used to make coffee, tea, and many soft drinks. It affects the heart rate, coronary circulation. Blood pressure and urination as well as other physiological functions are the cardinal causes for it. Caffeine also increases the metabolic rate by 10 to 15 percent .caffeine helps to individual it make him active and it helps human to wake up.
Biological effects of drugs on human body:
1. Opiods and derivatives:
These are linked with four kind of drugs are (morphine, cocaine, heroin, marijuana) .when theses drugs are taken by individuals, they effects cells of opoid receptors. Resulting by creating such psychological effects, and which are following.
1. Pain relief:
2. Hallucination, delirium:
3. Delusions, euphoria:
4. Sympathetic activity
2. Smoking:
Smoking is done for nicotine it affects to nicotire receptors cells, creating such feelings fowling are:
1. Sympathetic activity:
2. Mantel approaches for temper time period brain works more actively:
3. Activenness:
Adverse effects of smoking are dependency and addiction. The risk of smoking increases taking 15 to 20 or more cigarettes creates 57 different cancers.
3. Alcohol:
When alcohol is drunk by and individual it directly goes to stomach and effecting liver enzymes and creating these damages to liver are.
1. Alcoholic liver:
2. Fatty liver:
3. Liver cancer:
4. Tea:
Tea is used for caffeine, it creates affects on human body are .it increases activeness and for some time it boosts mental thinking. If an individual take more a 100 cups of tea it can result in to death.

5. Opoid adverse effects:
There are five effects on human body following are.
1. Loss of memory:
2. Loss of senses:
3. Loss of libido:
4. Addiction:
5. Dependency:
6. Sympattictic activity: It effects on human body by four different ways following are.
1. Heart diseases:
2. Reflexes:
3. Sedation:
4. Gastric motility:
Steps have been taken by government of Pakistan to prevent drugs culture in our society:
Around 90 percent of the world opium is produced in Afghanistan .Pakistan is facing challenges of drugs approximately 30 percent of the opium in Afghanistan is trafficked through Pakistan. Pakistan is countering the drugs menaces through some law enforcement agencies and with help of some institution likewise Anti Narcotics Forces (ANF) and with the help of international cooperation. In this case ANF is playing an important role to eradicate smuggling, trafficking and abuse of narcotics and illicit psychotropic substances. This force (ANF) aims at demand reduction and actually organized and executes treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation programs to stop drugs culture in Pakistan. NGOs are working to stop drugs by creating drugs treatment centers. There treatment centers are being financed by donors under regulation and monitoring of NGOs and government of Pakistan’s some institution are trying to stop drug culture likewise frontier corps (FC) and Pakistan Customs (PC). FC troops are deployed near Afghanistan and Iran borders; to counter drugs trafficking. Pakistan customs are working to control drug trafficking and police forces are trying to counter drug trafficking especially the consumption level of drug and there are also other entities, which are working for the prevention of drug trafficking. The government has made drug abuse master plan from 2010 to 2014, which would try to solve recent drug culture and future drug threat to counter that. This program is working on two main ideas; supply reduction through strengthening law enforcement and demand reduction through accelerated initiatives with the help of international organization. This master plan of National Narcotics Control is being headed by PM of Pakistan and CMs of their respective provinces.
Drugs treatment programs in Pakistan:
There a number of treatments centers are working in Pakistan which are helping to drugs uses to get reed from drugs addiction following are.
1. Lyari general hospital, department of psychiatry.
2. Jinnah post graduate medical college.
3. Khyber teaching hospital and lady reading hospitals.
4. District headquarters hospital.
5. Fauji foundation hospital.
6. Institute of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, located at Rawalpindi general hospital.
7. New Imran drug treatment center, Rawalpindi.
8. Government mental hospital, drug addiction unit, Lahore.
Conclusion:
Drugs are a kind of threat, which effects psychologically to those who are observing them in the society, they are of the view that these people are useless and they are destroying their life. If a government and private sector jointly work for the betterment of those individuals, how are becoming hazard to society and to them self also. State should focus on drug abusive control master plan of 2010 to 2014 effective. With the help of betterment of such institutions which are working to counter drugs. Those institutions like (ANF)…etc should have a coordination with international organizations .drugs are creating threat to human security, And as well as threat to drugs users also, how drugs user become addicted of drugs such individual will do anything to get drugs money, they can go for crime to violence. Mostly such people how are using drugs in Pakistan are from poor families, such people do not have a awareness about drugs after effects. These people indulge them in self chronic diseases. And these individuals’ relationships are in troubled relationship, because of their isolation. Drugs addiction effects the brain of drug user so such person faces problems in their employment or the do not get jobs, because of their addiction, they face economic threats. As it is mentioned in these paper biological and psychological effects of drugs usage shows the picture of those people how are addicted of drugs, they are damaging there health and creating health security problems. Under the concept of human security, drugs is effecting Pakistani society, in form of creating threat to social, personal, economical, and health security. This results in our society in shape of crime. There for there is a need to develop such policy, which can stop drugs summing at Pakistan from that drugs which is coming from Afghanistan .to counter drugs Pakistan government need to organize institutions in such a way that they can work with other NGO,s and international organizations. It will create an affective method, which will help to counter drugs in Pakistan. Government institutions coordination with private sector, it well insures a human security. States instutions which are working with private sector will create an effectiveness to counter drugs in Pakistan.

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