Republic of India
Bharat Ganrajya
Horizontal tricolour flag bearing, from top to bottom, deep saffron, white, and green horizontal bands. In the centre of the white band is a navy-blue wheel with 24 spokes. Three lions facing left, right, and toward viewer, atop a frieze containing a galloping horse, a 24-spoke wheel, and an elephant. Underneath is a motto: "सत्यमेव जयते".
Flag Emblem
Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)
"Truth Alone Triumphs"[1]
Anthem: Jana Gana Mana
"Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People"[2] [3]
National song:
Vande Mataram
"I Bow to Thee, Mother"[a][1][3]
Image of a globe centred on India, with India highlighted.
Area controlled by India shown in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled regions shown in light green.
Capital New Delhi
28°36.8′N 77°12.5′E
Largest city Mumbai
Official languages
Hindi English
Hindi in the Devanagari script is the official language of the Union. English is an additional co-official language for Government work.[1][4]
Recognised regional languages
8th Schedule
Assamese
Bengali
Bodo
Dogri
Gujarati
Hindi
Kannada
Kashmiri
Konkani
Maithili
Malayalam
Manipuri
Marathi
Nepali
Oriya
Punjabi
Sanskrit
Santali
Sindhi
Tamil
Telugu
Urdu[5]
National language None
Demonym Indian
Government Federal parliamentary constitutional republic[1] - President Pranab Mukherjee - Vice President Mohammad Hamid Ansari - Prime Minister Manmohan Singh (INC) - Speaker of the House Meira Kumar (INC) - Chief Justice P. Sathasivam[6]
Legislature Parliament of India - Upper house Rajya Sabha - Lower house Lok Sabha
Independence from the United Kingdom - Dominion 15 August 1947 - Republic 26 January 1950
Area
- Total 3,287,590[7] km2[b] (7th)
1,269,346 sq mi - Water (%) 9.6
Population
- 2011 census 1,210,193,422[8] (2nd) - Density 376.5/km2 (31st)
975.2/sq mi
GDP