In financial markets, stock is the capital raised by a corporation through the issuance and distribution of shares. A person or organization which holds shares of stocks is called a shareholder. The aggregate value of a corporation's issued shares is its market capitalization. When one buys a share of a company he becomes a shareholder in that company. Shares are also known as Equities. Equities have the potential to increase in value over time. It also provides the portfolio with the growth necessary to reach the long-term investment goals. Research studies have proved that the equities have out performed than most other forms of investments in the long term. Equities are considered the most challenging and the rewarding, when compared to other investment options.
Research studies have proved that investments in some shares with a longer tenure of investment have yielded far superior returns than any other investment. However, this does not mean all equity investments would guarantee similar high returns. Equities are high-risk investments. One needs to study them carefully before investing. Since 1990 till date, Indian stock market has returned about 17% to investors on an average in terms of increase in share prices or capital appreciation annually. Besides that on average stocks have paid 1.5 % dividend annually. Dividend is a percentage of the face value of a share that a company returns to its shareholders from its annual profits. Compared to most other forms of investments, investing in equity shares offers the highest rate of return, if invested over a longer duration.
The first company to issue shares of stock was the Dutch East India Company, in 1602. The innovation of joint ownership made a great deal of Europe's economic growth possible following the Middle Ages. The technique of pooling capital to finance the building of ships, for example, made the Netherlands a maritime superpower. Before adoption of the joint-stock corporation,