Industrial Chemistry Notes

I) INTRODUCTION * Industrial Chemistry deals with the preparation of products from raw materials through the agency of chemical change * Chemistry is important to Industry by: * Regulating manufacturing processes * Quality Control * Research and Development * Sources of raw materials from the natural environment 1) Lithosphere –Earth’s Crust 2) Hydrosphere – Marine and Oceanic Environment 3) Atmosphere – Air 4) Plants – Biosphere * Classification of Natural Resources 1) Renewable * Resources that regenerate themselves * Forestry, fishery, and wild life 2) Non- Renewable * Resources that are formed over long periods of time * Minerals, metals, and organic materials * Renewable resources can be non renewable when the rate of consumption of renewable resources is greater than the rate of regeneration. * Chemical Industries commonly manufacture: * Heavy Chemicals
-common acids, soda ash, salt * Fine Chemicals
-result from a series of small-scale chemical operations * Largest Sectors of chemical industry with in the world 1) Petrochemicals (about 30%) 2) Pharmaceuticals (about 16.5%) 3) Performance Chemicals (about 16%) 4) Others (37.5%) * Top three chemicals manufactured industrially 1) Sulfuric Acid 2) Ethylene 3) Lime * Characteristics of Chemical Industry 1) It must be essentially science-based industry 2) It must be with great commitment and investment to Research and Development * Eight Standard Industrial Classification 1) Industrial inorganic chemicals 2) Plastics materials, and synthetics 3) Drugs 4) Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods 5) Paints and allied products 6) Industrial Organic Chemicals 7) Agricultural Chemicals 8) Miscellaneous Chemical Products

* Essential Pre-requisites of chemical industry 1) Economic extraction 2) Use of exploitable raw material * Steps in