The purpose of these primates committing this act is to eventually have their own children.
The purpose of these primates committing this act is to eventually have their own children.
The sciencemag.com article “Anti-Alzheimer’s Gene may have Led to the Rise of Grandparents” by Kelli Whitlock Burton talks about the how the protective variant of the CD33 gene may explain why humans have grandmothers that help with child rearing. The article explains the “grandmother hypothesis” that says humans live such long and healthy lives even after they are no longer able to reproduce because they help with child rearing. The CD33 gene plays a big role in Alzheimer’s disease and scientists Ajit Varki and Pascal Gagneux discovered that there are two variants of it: a protective allele and a damaging one.…
Summary Response In the article “Of Primates and Personhood” written by Ed Yong, demonstrates major developments between primatologist, biologists, and ethicists around the world. These major developments are a pending spanish law that would grant unprecedented protection toward great apes; Also, a recent extension to a swiss law that protects the dignity of organisms, and to redefine the meaning of human rights, and indeed whether such rights are the exclusive domain of humans. Furthermore, the Great Ape Project (GAP) has been established (1993). Not everyone had been comfortable with the GAP’s project, says Yong;…
Some of the worlds’ smallest primates are committing suicide at alarming rates. Are their deaths due to chemical imbalances in the Tarsiers brains, or are there other contributing factors. This paper will explore possible explanations on the Tarsiers’ declining population rates. Several reasons will be proposed to the causes leading to why the Tarsiers may become extinction. Several ways to help prevent the unnatural extinction of these primates will be discussed. Things such as, putting a stop to the loss of their natural habitat, being a food source for humans and the financial gain from exploiting the Tarsiers will be covered.…
Behaviour can be describes in many forms and ways. According to the dictionary ‘Behaviour is the manner in which one behaves, the actions or reactions of a person or animal in response to external or internal stimulation’ (www.thefreedictionary.co.uk). Harlow was an American Psychologist who investigated the bond of infants to their mother. The reason for this investigation was to see if the bond was due to cupboard love. Cupboard love is what the infant is attached to such as providing of food or something warm and soft to touch. However Bowlby had already said that the bond with the infant to the mother was to do with something other than cupboard love. Bowlby stated ‘an inbuilt tendency to become attached to stimuli that poses certain properties’ (discovering psychology, chapter5, pg201). Harlow who wanted to conduct his study on rats accidentally conducted it on medium sized monkeys known as (Macaca Mulatta). The reason for using this particular type is that they are easy to keep and breed in captivity; they also share 94% DNA to a human. After securing funding for a primate laboratory, Harlow started his work. However when cleaning the cages the infant monkeys would protest, Harlow then went on to find out whether the monkeys were on protest due to ‘contact comfort’. To test the idea of contact comfort Harlow constructed two types of surrogate mothers. One of…
When an infant does not have the proper care and nurturing they grow up with emotional deprivation that cannot be healed if treated too late. In a study, done by Harry Harlow and Margaret Harlow on rhesus monkeys, they found that monkeys who did not have a mother figure in their lives were more emotionally incapable to deal with stressful situations, and they didn’t know how to raise their own offspring. On the other hand, the monkeys who were raised with a stand in cloth mannequin of sorts were more able to deal with stress than those who had been raised in isolation. At the conclusion of the study of the rhesus monkeys the Harlow’s noticed that even though some of the monkeys had a stand in for a mother they were not the same as monkeys who had been raised by real mothers. A mother’s love is most important in the development of an infant.…
Attachment theory is the joint work of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth that examine a special emotional relationship that involves an exchange of comfort, care, and pleasure. John Bowlby devoted extensive research to the concept of attachment and describes it as a connectedness between individuals that is psychologically lasting and through Mary Ainsworth’s innovative methodology not only has she made it possible to test some of Bowlby’s ideas empirically but has also helped expand the theory itself. This paper will examine the theory of Bowlby’s and Ainsworth theory of attachment and conclude with some of the criticisms that this theory faces.…
Studies revealed that, in regards to the specific attachment approach, female animals have upregulated OT receptors in the uterus and brain that are important in coordinating maternal behavior. This type of behavior includes licking the pups, providing a nest for the pups, retrieving the pups to the nest, giving access to the nipples and providing body heat. OT has been implicated in the onset of maternal behavior and not specifically the maintenance. The article also demonstrated maternal aggression and how it is directed towards the pups but also how it enhances attacks on predators or intruders. This aggression is associated with lower levels of fear. In both rodents and humans, administering OT results in lower levels of fearful behavior. Researchers suggest that, unlike in female rodents, OT does not contribute to human maternal behaviors. However, OT is increased in the cerebrospinal fluid during childbirth in humans and postpartum plasma levels are related with positive feelings and decreased anxiety levels. Mixed results have been drawn about maternal aggression in human and other species but as to whether or not these behaviors are associated with OT are not clear. In the article, how the presence of OT affects mating and partner preferences. In animals, specifically the prairie vole and the montane vole, the OT recptors are found in…
The animal that most resembles us is the ape. At the zoo, it is easy to observe behavioral and facial expressions in monkeys and apes that are very much similar to our own. A group of apes could very well seem like a family. A mother taking care of her young may seem familiar to the human onlooker. This is because the ape is our closest living relative. In the documentary Primate Behavior, anthropologists observe the behavior of monkeys and primates. The primates are mostly observed in the wild, as they are better understood while placed in a natural setting. This is where the social structure of the primate can really be interpreted.…
Two months ago headlines countrywide were heavy with the story about a wild Howler Monkey that was brutally killed by school children at the Belize High School of Agriculture in Orange Walk. As if the story wasn’t disturbing enough, a video taken on someone’s phone was circulated on the Internet, capturing the gruesome mob of children as they delighted in killing the helpless animal. The act of senseless violence outraged the public and when the Belize Forest Department pressed charges against the killers it was a step applauded by many. And although it was gratifying to see justice served, the root of the problem was overlooked. Just what possessed, and I mean possessed in every sense of the word, these children to behave this way? How can children gleefully partake in the beating death of a helpless animal?…
Demonic Males is an intriguing, fast-paced novel which explores the roots of evolution through which we, humans have evolved. The authors convey this book in a way that pulls you in right through the start by addressing the aggressive behaviors that have been passed down from our ancestors the great ape, to the males in our society. Demonic Males was an incising and factual story which you learn not only about how apes evolved, their mating habits, social systems, female coalitions, etc., have changed throughout time but also how closely related we truly are to these amazing creatures. Richard Wrangham and Dale Peterson, the authors catch readers off guard by telling stories of humans encounters with gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, etc., which keep you wanting to flip onto the next page throughout the entire novel. And so as a reader you may ask yourself, why did evolution choose violence? Why is violence seen as necessary to become dominant amongst a group?…
To compare the distinctive features of primate parenting, we first need to know what they are. Primate parenting features including, feeding their offspring, along with teaching them vital skills in order for them to obtain their own food. An example of this would be the variety of tool using, or culture, used by several primates (using rocks to crack open nuts, or using a branch to get ants and consume them) not only demonstrate the learning ability of these creatures, but also the importance that parenting has when dealing with the development of the offspring. Apart from the learning behaviors that are thought to the offspring, other distinctive parenting features come into play, for example primates usually give birth to more than one offspring…
•Biological – suggests that violence against women is related to the process of natural selection. Rape can be viewed as an extreme response to the natural selection pressure on men to reproduce combined with attempts by females to control the identity of their partner. – Biological and Neurological factors - Childhood attention deficit disorders and head injuries as risk factors – Eliminates responsibility for the…
Infanticide has been practiced on every continent and by every level of cultural complexity. It has been practiced from hunter gatherers to modern civilization, including our own ancestors. When pregnant it is understandable that couples wish for either a boy or a girl but, it is another thing if their wish of having either a boy or a girl is guaranteed to come true. Those couples who wish to have a son and has one child turns out to be a girl seem to be in a most painful dilemma. “Cultural norms dictate that daughters marry out and transfer their emotional and economic loyalties to their husband’s family (Jimmerson 1990).” In Chinese culture, son’s are known to support at old age while daughters are viewed as no source of future economic security. Although rural china has no system of old age support, farming couples without sons are faced with a great dilemma of destitution due to old age. Therefore, in certain cases, these rural couples have responded to the great dilemma of not having sons by practicing infanticide on their female neonates. “Female infanticide then became common in traditional china, through natural hardships such as famines, floods, widespread disease and overpopulation often converged with cultural norms that favored sons and encouraged hard pressed families to abandon or kill their infant daughters (Jimmerson 1990).” The costume of the traditional Chinese believes that family members should follow the ancestral tradition. If a living woman was not available, they would often go buy…
The gorillas are the largest primates still existing today. The gorillas in the enclosure varied in size and appearances. All the females were much smaller then the male silverback, however within the female group, their sizes also varied. Some females within the group were less massive and more lengthy then for example the female in charge of the newborn gorilla. The “mother” of the baby gorilla, Kabibe, was much larger then the other females and she seemed to have more authority within the social group. The male silverback, Oscar Jones, was impressively…
• Harris, G.T., Hilton, N.Z., Rice, M.E. & Eke, A.W. (2007). Children killed by genetic parents versus stepparents. Evolution and Human Behavior,…