Information Processing and Technology
INFORMATION SYSTEMS & DATABASES
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Information systems perform a set of information processes requiring participants, data/ information and information technology. The processes are collecting, analysing, organising, processing, storing/ retrieving, transmitting/ receiving and displaying.
CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS Information systems are created to provide access to information for an organisation or individual and have the following characteristics:
• ORGANISATION OF DATA INTO INFORMATION- Data must be organised before it can be analysed by the information system. This involves careful though or the resulting information will be meaningless. This may require sorting, summarising or classifying. Data is organised using structures such as data dictionaries.
• ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION TO GIVE KNOWLEDGE- Access to information and the resulting knowledge is the purpose of an information system. For people to gain knowledge the information must be analysed. Information systems provide a range of tools for analysis of data such as tables, queries and reports. People make decisions based on the information they receive from an information system.
TYPES AND PURPOSES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
• TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPSs)- collect, store, modify and retrieve the daily transactions of an organisation eg. a point-of-sale terminal. There are two types of transaction processing: -BATCH PROCCESSING collects the transaction data into a group and processes it later and is currently used where the data is in paper form such as cheques. This type has a time delay. -REAL-TIME PROCESSING works where each transaction is immediately processed providing instant confirmation but it does require access to an online database.
• DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS- assist people to make decisions by providing information, models and analysis tools. They can be used on a daily basis or when an organisation has to react to
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Information systems perform a set of information processes requiring participants, data/ information and information technology. The processes are collecting, analysing, organising, processing, storing/ retrieving, transmitting/ receiving and displaying.
CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS Information systems are created to provide access to information for an organisation or individual and have the following characteristics:
• ORGANISATION OF DATA INTO INFORMATION- Data must be organised before it can be analysed by the information system. This involves careful though or the resulting information will be meaningless. This may require sorting, summarising or classifying. Data is organised using structures such as data dictionaries.
• ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION TO GIVE KNOWLEDGE- Access to information and the resulting knowledge is the purpose of an information system. For people to gain knowledge the information must be analysed. Information systems provide a range of tools for analysis of data such as tables, queries and reports. People make decisions based on the information they receive from an information system.
TYPES AND PURPOSES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
• TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPSs)- collect, store, modify and retrieve the daily transactions of an organisation eg. a point-of-sale terminal. There are two types of transaction processing: -BATCH PROCCESSING collects the transaction data into a group and processes it later and is currently used where the data is in paper form such as cheques. This type has a time delay. -REAL-TIME PROCESSING works where each transaction is immediately processed providing instant confirmation but it does require access to an online database.
• DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS- assist people to make decisions by providing information, models and analysis tools. They can be used on a daily basis or when an organisation has to react to