retention.
retention.
Reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of rest following extinction but without further reinforcement.…
Sofia, I completely agree. That a paralegal’s average pay is reasonable based on the level of education needed to become one. I was quite intrigued to find out that paralegals in San Francisco make $70,000 annually. It seems like a lot of people believe paralegals should earn a higher salary. Because of the amount of work they do on a daily basis. I think that if we are truly passionate about the learning the law we won’t work a day if we obtain a position as a paralegal. Working under the supervision of an attorney will prepare anyone of us interested in going to law…
3. Responses are acquired—that is, initially learned—best when the CS is presented half a second before the US. This finding demonstrates how classical conditioning is biologically adaptive because it helps organisms prepare for good or bad events. Higher order conditioning occurs when the conditioned stimulus from one conditioning procedure is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second, often weaker, conditioned stimulus. Extinction refers to the diminishing of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus occurs repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus. Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished…
18. Rats that explored a maze without any reward were later able to run the maze as well as other rats that had received food rewards for running the maze. The rats that had learned without reinforcement demonstrated LATENT LEARNING…
A.Arnie remembers his locker combination through the entire school year. By the end of summer vacation, however, he has forgotten it.…
|1. Jamie was talked into riding on the roller coaster |Terror ride |Fear |Coaster |Fear/cold sweat |…
Psychologists have suggested phobias develop as a consequence of conditioning, and many phobic’s can remember a specific episode which caused the onset of their phobia (Freud, 1909; Ost and Hugdahl, 1981). However, research suggests it is not necessary for a specific episode to occur to change behavior. Kirsch et al (2004) studied rats in a maze. They were left to explore before food was…
Habituation can be furthered described by several parametric features according to Thompson and Spencer (1966). The parametric features described represent a standard set of criteria for evaluating habituation across different species, tasks, or responses. The more the stimulus is presented, the less of a response produced. There exist explanations for the presence of habituation. Terry…
Zacks, R.T., Hasher, L., & Li, K.Z.H. (2000). Human memory. In F.I.M. Craik & T.A. Salthouse…
Eichenbaum, H. (2002) Learning and memory: brain systems. In: Squire, L.R. et al (eds). Fundamental Neuroscience. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Science.…
Terry, W. S., (2009) Learning and memory: Basic principles, processes, and procedures (4th ed.). Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon…
Antimicrobial agents are chemicals that are used against bacteria. There are many such agents available. Because there are many different situations where bacterial control is important, no antimicrobial agent is effective in all situations. For example, you wouldn't use the same compound to fight an ear infection as you would use to sterilize surfaces in an…
The facts of escape and avoidance are used more often than we think about. Escape learning is our flight or fight response telling us to flee from of a situation that is effecting us negatively. The experiment used in the book talks about rats and dogs getting an electric shock then fleeing into another chamber. But to make this more relatable for us students its like hanging out with friends who do scare pranks, you're sitting there minding your own busness then they scare the (please pardon the language) crap out of you so you jump away. Avoidance learning is when you learn to remove yourself from the possibility of pain. In the experiment with the rats and dogs the testers had awarning light that the animals learned to leave befor the shock…
Mazes have been used to test spatial memory and learning in rodents and in past years virtual mazes have been used on humans to test learning and how people explore novel situations and make decisions based on stimuli that produce desired outcomes. For this experiment the basic goal is to obtain knowledge about trial and error learning in humans. I hypothesize that the participants will make fewer errors as they complete the trials. Based on a pervious study multiple trials allow a researcher to determine how an ability can develops and changes over trials and that the importance of tasks components fluctuates during the stages of learning (O'Neill, 1978). Which suggest that the repeated trail can help the participant develop and knowledge of the maze and make fewer errors.…