While although Pope Leo X eventually cancelled the San Lorenzo project, Michelangelo’s labors are the labors of countless others who risked life and limb to get the marble out of the ground and transport it across land and water is truly worth noting. We rightly marvel at the great works of architecture from the pre-industrial world. We extol their design, their ingenuity in construction, and their durability. Perhaps we ought to marvel more that they even got any stone to the…
The stakes would also be surrounded by volcanic stones to add strength. From there, masons could start adding brick layers to the base with confidence. The Aztecs needed a better way to commute to each building instead of using a boat, so they developed…
At night, Pachacamac was alone so he created the moon, planets, and stars. The gender significance is the capability of producing life to other elements and beings. Out of stone, Pachacamac continues to create mankind, which was disgraceful and incapable of caring for them. Pachacamac, after getting married with moon, bore children, which were a daughter and a son. Pachacamac then sent that his son and daughter to his world in order to teach mankind how to care for themselves. After that, the message of Pachacamac was spread by his children that Pachacamac would provide them with warmth and light with the understanding that the individuals should not forget their creator. Mankind was taught by his son how to build and hunt; while his daughter trained females for cooking and sewing. Pachacamac’s son was named Inca who turned out to be the 1st Inca. Along with his sister-wife, once Inca spread the creator’s news, everybody started following them to their “golden temple.” From here, in the North, Inca started his individual land, while the daughter of Pachacamac started her individual land in the south; therefore forming the Incan world’s cycle of…
One of the the amazing things is that the stoneworks at Machu Picchu is in the finest quality. In the article The Stones of Machu Picchu, Duane Damon states, "...walls of white granite ashlars [stone building blocks] carefully cut and exquisilely bitted together" (Damon). What Duane Damon is saying, is that the walls are made and cut to precision so that the pieces can fit together perfectly. Also, that with all the hard work put into these stoneworks that everything fits together like a puzzle piece. Also in the article…
✓ over periods of time, different models of their homes were constructed (i.e. multisided wigwam, using logs instead of poles, placing the earth around the perimeter)…
1. How did the earliest sculptors use the shapes found in natural materials to their advantage? (5.1)…
Many architectural and urban forms and elements that we witness today are largely influenced by how buildings were design and laid in Rome. Not only in terms of its external design that brought upon important messages but the design of interiors and the significance of spatial arrangement of spaces exist within them has created the sense of physical experience in the buildings as well. Rome’s urban development and the rise of architectural movement began during the time of Augustus from 27 B.C. to 14 A.D. 1,2 Born Gaius Octavious, known as Octavian in his early years rose to become the first emperor of Rome after ending the second triumvirate through defeating Antony and Lepidus.3 When Octavian returned to Rome, he was honoured by the Senate and the Roman citizens for bringing peace and prosperity to a war-weary Roman world.4 He was then granted the name “Augustus” which is an important symbolic act to legitimize his political control as an emperor over Rome.5 Augustus’ main intention is to establish a stable Rome under his authority and this is largely shown through his restoration of incomplete buildings by Caesar. During his reign, as stated in his bibliography, Res Gestae, he claimed that he “repaired eighty and two temples of the gods in the city, … omitting none which at that time needed repair”.6 However, he also erected four new temples during his reign and these temples largely convey the message of him wanting to show that he was a dependable and better ruler.7 Stamper argues that the building of temples in Rome by various rulers form a large connection of showing power and authority over the city.8 Thus, based on this intention of Augustus, this essay will analyse three different temples completed…
The Inca and the Aztec Empires have similar Architecture for their “cosmopolitan capitals with monumental ceremonial centers and palaces” (Von Sivers et al. 450). Both, Inca and Aztec cities where among the largest in the world, and the cities had as many inhabitants as 100,000 to 200,000. “Although their monumental architecture followed different artistic traditions, both emphasized platforms and sanctuaries atop large pyramid-like structures as symbols of elevated power as well as closeness to the astral gods” (Von Sivers et al. 450). Both empires had similar…
Studying at the University of Dallas in Irving, Texas (named after Washington Irving, the first man to write Christopher Columbus’ biography) in 2013 opens students’ minds to being liberal arts thinkers constantly and efficiently. With that, comes learning about Saint Thomas Aquinas in Philosophy courses and even in other courses such as Literary Traditions, Economics, Modern Languages, Psychology and American and Western Civilization courses. There is always…
Pachacamac rose slowly from the lake of Titicaca, he was so bright that nothing else could be seen in the sky but him. The night sky was dark and lonely so Pachacamac created the stars, planets, and the moon. Pachamama (the moon) became wife to Pachacamac and together they ruled both heaven and earth. Pachacamac fashioned the first humans out of stone from an enormous mountain rock. These humans had no knowledge on how the world worked and there for where pitiful in the eyes of their creator. Pachacamac and Pachamama bore a son and a daughter. Out of pity for the humans on earth they sent their children there to help them. The son of Pachacamac went to the men and showed them how to plow, plant the fields, and build housing to shelter themselves. The daughter of Pachamama approached the women and showed the crafts of weaving and how to prepare food. Pachacamac told his son and daughter to teach the humans to be polite and fair and he will provide light and warmth each day without fail, and that they shall never forget their creators. Pachacamac became the first Inca and he and his sister wife ruled the first humans. Inca and his wife set out for land in which humans could live and evolve. For every stop they made they stuck a gold rod in the ground to tell their people where to build cities, until they came to the Valley of Huanacauri where the rod sank into the ground and disappeared. Inca decided this should be the place in…
It is remarkable that The Pantheon even today, nearly two thousand years after it was constructed, is as stable as when it was first built. It is almost beyond understanding that the Romans could build this structure without the benefit of modern machines or tools. Nor did the Pantheon engineers have the advantage of modern transportation methods. All the materials were floated down the Tiber and moved to the site by man and animal on carts of the period.…
A key attribute in land art was having it built in open land. To the artist, land was…
In the beginning there was chaos and Orana, the goddess of the sun, was born. She is the ruler who formulated what is now known as the core of the earth. She gathered many stars and crushed them together to create a glowing rock-like sphere. Orana then decided to have the core revolve around her so she could watch her creation. While doing this she ran into Lunasta, god of the moon. Lunasta moved the moon to have it revolve around the core too. So instead Orana and Lunasta decided to put the sun and the moon right next to each other. After a while one of the stars pinched Lunasta and gave him the idea to have a child with the sun goddess and add onto the core. They had three children together; Tierrana goddess of the land, Aguanta god of the water, and Vientino god of the wind. Lunasta did not want his children taking over his domain in the sky so he squished them together and threw them on the rock core. Tierrana took up half the core and Aguanta took up the other half. Vientino became stretched out over the entire core, on top of his siblings.…
The archaeological site of Skara Brae is considered as one of the best-preserved group of Stone Age houses in Western Europe. (Leask and Garrod, 2009, 3) The site is located in the Bay of Skaill, right next to the ocean. It is believed that the village was inhabited around 3100 BC to 2500 BC (Leask and Garrod, 2009, 3) which coincides with the Neolithic revolution. The houses on the site appear to have been modified over time, and although there was a great abundance of land that they could have used in order to expand the sizes of their villages, it appears that they continually built on top of the existing village, and therefore there are remains of older houses underneath the ones that are currently on the site. (Simpson et al., 2006, 225) The collection of houses is connected by roofed passageways and contains stone furniture, hearths and drains. (Leask and Garrod, 2009, 3) The incredible preservation of the site gives an incredible view as to how the people of Skara Brae lived, through just…
One of the more inspiring and brilliantly conceived and constructed dome structures in the world is the Pantheon of Rome. This example imposes a magnificent strength of ingenuity and dominance over their surrounding landscape, and the Pantheon deserves to be researched and admired for its architecturally innovative and bold design of its time. The building was accommodated with serious technical impediments that required a thorough and scrutinizing attention to detail in order to overcome. It is because of the prevailed obstacles by the various designers, architects and builders of this building that captures the consideration of those interested in the development of building technology and progress throughout the history of dome architecture and architecture in general. Considering the mastery of building techniques and materials of the time the buildings were erected, it is still quite impressive how immense and concise the overall structures were and still remain to this day. Clearly much thought and extensive planning were performed to conceive and materialize such behemoths of architectural prowess and innovation. THESIS; Although the Pantheon and its adjoining Dome are many centuries old, their architectural competence and proficiency of structural design have withstood the test of time and is noted as a penultimate example of Dome architecture.…