International Baccalaureate® History Question Paper

M12/3/HISTX/BP2/ENG/TZ1/XX
International Baccalaureate® (\K>
Baccalaureat International
•
Bachillerato Internacional
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Friday 11 May 2012 (afternoon)
1 hour 30 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.
Answer two questions, each chosen from a different Topic.
Each question is worth [20 marks].
The maximum mark for this examination paper is [40 marks].
Questions in this paper must be answered with reference to events and developments in the twentieth century.
Where the word region is used in questions in this paper, it refers, unless otherwise defined, to the four regions which are the basis of the regional studies for Higher Level Paper 3.

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6 pages
© International Baccalaureate Organization 2012

-2Topic 1

M12/3/HISTX/BP2/ENG/TZ1/XX

Causes, practices and effects of wars

1.

With reference to two examples, each chosen from a different region, assess the factors which helped and hindered successful guerrilla warfare.

2.

Analyse the economic and social effects of two wars in the second half of the twentieth century.

Jb

3.

To what extent were religious issues responsible for the wars between either India and Pakistan
(1947-197J) or Iran and Iraq (1^80-1988)?

4.

Analyse the reasons for, and importance of, foreign intervention in one of the following: the Chinese
Civil War (1927-1949); the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939); the Gulf War (1991).

5.

In what ways did advances in technology affect the nature and outcome of warfare in the first half of the twentieth century?

6.

Assess the importance of each of the following in causing the First or the Second World War: nationalism; alliances; economic factors.

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-3Topic 2

M12/3/fflSTX/BP2/ENG/TZl/XX

Democratic states - challenges and responses

7.

Analyse the challenges faced by one democratic state in the first half of the twentieth century and the extent to which they were successfully dealt with.

8.

"Proportional representation hindered rather than helped the establishment of a stable democracy"
With reference to one twentieth century democratic state, explain to what extent you agree with this statement.

9.

In what ways, and with what success, did Nehru deal with the economic and social problems facing
India (1947-1964)?

10.

Compare and contrast the attempts of Eisenhower and Kennedy to deal with two of the following issues: civil rights; social welfare; education.

11.

By what methods, and with what success, was democracy established in South Africa (1991—2000)?

12.

To what extent have gender rights or religious rights been promoted and protected in one twentieth century democratic state?

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-4Topic 3

M12/3/HISTX/BP2/ENG/TZ1/XX

Origins and development of authoritarian and single-party states

13.

Assess the contribution of economic instability and lack of a united opposition to the rise to power of two leaders of single-party states, each chosen from a different region.

14.

To what extent were either Kenyatta or Nyerere successful in dealing with the social and economic challenges facing the state after independence?

15.

Compare and contrast the treatment of religious groups and minorities in two authoritarian or single-party states, each chosen from a different region.

16. Analyse the methods used by one single-party ruler to establish totalitarian control.

17.

Assess the extent to which ideological appeal aided the rise and rule of one of the following:
Sukarno; Nasser; Peron.

18.

"Successful economic and social policies were essential for the single-party leader's maintenance of power." With reference to either Mao or Castro, to what extent do you agree with this statement?

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-5-

Topic 4

M12/3/OHISTX/BP2/ENG/TZ1/XX

Nationalist and independence movements in Africa and Asia and post-1945 Central and
Eastern European states

19.

Assess the significance of the two world wars in hastening the independence of one African or one Asian colonial state.

20.

"The contribution of Gandhi to the gaining of Indian independence was much exaggerated." To what extent do you agree with this statement?

21.

Analyse the reasons for the failure of movements to successfully challenge Soviet control in Central and Eastern European states between 1945 and 1968.

22.

Analyse the extent to which the dissolution of Yugoslavia was the result of (a) internal factors and
(b) external factors.

23.

Assess the social and economic challenges faced by either one post-colonial state or one new state in
Central or Eastern Europe.

24.

Assess the importance of the leadership of one of the following in the attainment of independence from colonial or Soviet control: Jinnah; Nkrumah; Walesa.

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- 6TopicS

M12/3/HISTX/BP2/ENG/TZ1/XX

The Cold War

25.

Assess the role of Truman and Stalin in the origins and development of the Cold War.

26.

"The sovietization of Eastern and Central Europe after the Second World War was undertaken as a defensive measure by the Soviet Union." To what extent do you agree with this statement?

27.

Analyse the reasons for, and consequences of, the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations in the 1950s and 1960s.

28.

Assess the economic and social impact of superpower involvement in one of the following:
Cuba (after 1959); Congo (after 1960); Afghanistan (after 1979).

29.

In what ways, and with what significance, did either Kennedy or Reagan influence the development of the Cold War?

30.

For what reasons, and in what ways, did Cold War tensions hinder the work of the United Nations?

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