intro to art

Chapter 9

Multiple Choice

1. The supervision by one individual or group over the artistic expression of another individual or group is known ascensorship

2. In 1878, Eadweard Muybridge photographed a galloping horse, and discovered thathorses occasionally gallop with all four hooves off the ground.

3. The use by artists of the camera obscura (literally dark room) began inthe Italian Renaissance.

4. Artists like Peter Campus became interested in video because video signals could be electronically manipulated into interesting images.

5. Artists primarily used the camera obscura toproduce naturalistic drawings of the world.

6. The creation of a photographic body of work around an event, place, or culture is known asphotojournalism

7. Andy Warhol’s film Empire is a film about watching time pass

8. A major difference between the work of a “pure” or “straight” photographer, such as Alfred Stieglitz, and the work of a documentary photographer, such as Dorothea Lange, is the different intentions of each photographer.

9. A daguerreotype was an early photographic method created using a copper plate covered with silver iodine

10. Early examples of art photography often imitatedthe narrative form of painting

11. Dada collage artist Hannah Höch used “found” photographs to express artistic composition. the overwhelming experience of the mechanized city. disgust with a civilization that allowed the slaughter of World War I.

12. The Farm Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Agriculturepaid photographers to document the Great Depression.

13. Alfred Steiglitz was a photographer who became dissatisfied with pictorialism and promoted the idea that photography should be true to its own nature rather than trying to imitate painting.

14. The Dada movement was formed as a reaction toWorld War I.

15. The Lumière brothers invented the first workable film projector

16. The Steerage is closely associated with Alfred Stieglitz’s assertion that for photography to be an art, it should be true to its own nature.

17. Despite an enthusiastic public acceptance, the success of the daguerreotype was limited by the inability to make multiple images from one negative.

18. Julia Margaret Cameron is renowned for her portraits.

19. In 1888 the Kodak camera changed the history of photographyhow by making photography easily accessible to the general public

20. The works of Henry Peach Robinson and Andreas Gursky exemplify the photographer’smanipulation and combination of different photographic images in one work

21. Man Ray created mysterious images, called Rayograms, which looked like ordinary photographs but did not require a camera to record them.

22. A(n) auteur is a director whose films are marked by a consistent, individual style, and is closely involved in conceiving the idea for the film’s story and writing the script.

23. Nam Jun Pak is best known for video art.

Chapter 12

1. What separates the art object from the craft object? There is no definite line 2. Wood is not very durable because cold and heat distort it water rots it insects can eat it away 3. The Tree of Jesse is a work from the golden age of stained glass

4. The principal ingredient of glass is sand 5. Although the chemical composition of clay changes when exposed to extreme heat, glass doesn’t change chemically when its pliability is altered by heat. 6. The most common way to shape a hollow glass vessel is by blowing 7. The work OneShot by Patrick Jouin for Materialise .MGX is a plastic stool

8. The Arts and Crafts movement came about as a reaction to The Industrial Revolution 9. Islamic cultures have focused a great deal of aesthetic attention on carpets and rugs 10. Industrial art as discussed by Gustav Stickley in The Craftsman encouraged cooperation between artists and manufacturers. set about to design objects that could be machine produced. preceded the field of design. 11. In weaving, the set of fibers that is held taut on a loom or frame is called warp 12. Wood is a popular craft material because it is abundant and relatively easy to work

13. Which of the following is made from the sap of a tree? Lacquer 14. The ancient Olmecs of Mesoamerica prized Jade for its translucence, which they associated with rainwater. 15. Forging is when metal is shaped by hammer blows 16. An archaeologist asked María Martínez to reconstruct an entire pot from a broken piece he had found, thus launching her career and the revival of Pueblo pottery. 17. The chair of Hetepheres was well preserved by Egypt's dry climate.

18. The secret of porcelain was discovered and perfected in China, and for hundreds of years potters elsewhere failed to duplicate it. 19. By far the fastest method of creating a hollow, rounded clay form is by means of the potter’s wheel 20. The sculptor Olowe of Ise is associated with what culture? Yoruba

21. One artist who displays the legacies of the Arts and Crafts movement employing the techniques of glassblowing is Toots Zynsky

Chapter 13 1. Using a steel framework with masonry sheathing, the Wainwright Building, designed by Louis Sullivan, is thought by many to be the first genuinely modern building.

2. Two factors that decide the success of any structural system are weight and tensile strength 3. Stacking and piling is another term for load-bearing construction 4. The Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian styles are known as the Greek orders 5. The Byodo-in Temple in Kyoto, Japan, is an elegant example of post-and-lintel architecture 6. The ability of a material to span horizontal distances with a minimum of support is called tensile strength 7. Built almost 2000 years ago, the Pont du Gard at Nimes is an enduring testament to the Roman use of the arch. 8. Built for the World’s Fair in 1889, the Eiffel Tower was an early experiment in iron construction.
9. Buckminster Fuller is most famous for his design of the geodesic dome. 10. The International style emphasizes
Clean Lines
Geometric form
Avoidance of superficial decoration 11. The following is NOT true about art museum architecture. John Russell Pope’s National Gallery was initially praised for its innovative style 12. Fallingwater (the Kaufmann House in Bear Run, Pennsylvania) is a prime example of the “organic” architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright 13. A cantilever is a horizontal form supported at only one end. 14. Arch rotated 360 degrees on its axis is called a dome. 15. When a large hall is built using post-and-lintel construction methods, the resulting “virtual forest of columns” is called a hypostyle hall

16. The two basic families of structural systems in architecture are the shell and the skeleton and skin

17. According to the author, a barrel vault is actually an arch extended in depth, as if there are “many arches placed flush one behind the other.”

18. Builders of Gothic cathedrals reinforced the walls of their architecture from the outside with piers and flying buttresses

19. A flying buttress is an arched exterior support system found on a Gothic cathedral 20. The Taj Mahal was built by the 17th-century Moslem emperor for what purpose? As a tomb for his wife 21. The round opening in the dome of the Pantheon is called a(n) oculus. 22. The skeleton-and-skin structure, the Crystal Palace, was designed by Joseph Paxton in 1851.

Chapter 14 1. The chances that a work of art from ancient times will be found or preserved are greatly increased if
It was made of durable materials
The local climate is conducive to preservation
The culture from which it came was stable and organized
It was located where access from the outside world was limited

2. Because they lacked stone, the ancient Sumerians built their cities from sun-dried brick

3. To compensate for the natural visual distortion in which tall columns appear to bend inward, the Greeks gave them a slight bulge, which is known as entasis

4. All of the following cultures were Mesopotamian EXCEPT the minoan

5. The bronze head of an Akkadian ruler is a rare example of naturalism in ancient art.

6. The most notable example of Neolithic architecture in Europe is Stonehenge in England

7. In Egyptian art, the convention of representing social importance by size--for example, where the pharaoh is shown much larger than his subjects--is known as hierarchical scale

8. Under the reign of Amenhotep IV, a new, more naturalistic style of Egyptian art developed.

9. The earliest-known writing system from which a recorded language developed was the invention of the Sumerians

10. The sculpture Akhenaten and His Family is an example of the sunken relief technique. 11. King Tutankhamun’s tomb was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter

12. A true arch was developed by Neo-babylonian architects long before the Romans came up with the idea.

13. Three major cultures that preceded the Greeks in and around the Aegean Sea were the Cycladic, Minoan, Mycenaean cultures.

14. Although bronze was the favored material for freestanding sculpture in Greece, most bronze statues have not survived, because the metal was too valuable for other purposes

15.Romans could watch gladiators fight to the death, along with other sporting events, at the colosseum

16. A prime example of art from the Hellenistic era is the laocoon group

17. According to historians, the Roman era began in 510 B.C.E. with the founding of the roman republic

18. Although we know almost nothing about the culture that created them, the abstract female nude figures of the Cycladic culture appear extremely sophisticated for five-thousand-year-old works. 19. What destroyed the Roman colonies of Pompeii and Herculaneum in 79 C.E.? The eruption of a volcano

20. The mummy of Artemidoros, from Fayum, shows the influence of the Greek, Roman, Egyptian culture(s).

21. The portrait bust of Queen Nefertiti is presented in a naturalistic and elegant style that is timeless.

22. The Great Sphinx at Giza, in Egypt, has the body of a lion and the head of a(n) man

23. One of the many standard Greek pottery shapes is a krater and belongs to the period known as geometric period Chapter 15

1.The walled, upward extension of the nave that is pierced with windows is called the clerestory 2. Because Christianity emphasized congregational worship, a fundamental change in the architectural design of places of worship was needed.

3. The cross-shaped floor plan of a church is formed by the combined shapes of the nave and the transept

4. The major axis of a central-plan church, such as the church of San Vitale in Ravenna, is vertical

5. The mosaic Christ as the Sun exemplifies early Christian artists’ appropriation of Greek & Roman iconography.

6. Unlike their Greek and Roman predecessors, Byzantine artists preferred a flattened, abstracted style of art

7. Architects of Romanesque churches began installing ambulatories around the apse, which allowed the overflow of pilgrims to circulate freely around the interior of the church.

8. interlace is a pattern or patterns formed by intricately interwoven ribbons or bands.

9. The art and architecture of the high Middle Ages is generally divided into two periods, the Romanesque and the Gothic.

10. All the following are features of Romanesque architecture EXCEPT large windows of stained glass

11. Gothic cathedrals are known especially for their stained glass windows

12. The technique in which colored yarns are sewn to an existing woven background is called embroidery

13. The narthex is the walkway directly in front of a church that serves as the entry porch.

14. Duccio and Giotto were two artists whose innovations in Byzantine and Gothic traditions greatly influenced Renaissance painting styles.

15. Abbot Suger’s church near Paris, Saint-Denis, is the first Gothic church ever built. 16. The Palace Chapel at Aachen was built for Charlemagne as his personal place of worship.

17. What purpose is served by the carved figures that adorn the entryways at Chartres Cathedral? They serve as reminders that one is entering a sacred space

18. Soaring open spaces, pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, flying buttresses, and stained glass windows are characteristic of Gothic cathedrals

19. In his painting Christ Entering Jerusalem, the artist Duccio pioneered the use of architecture to define space and direct movement.

20. The transition from Romanesque to Gothic style can be seen in the architecture and sculpture at Chartres Cathedral.

21. The mosaic technique was used to complete the Empress Theodora and Retinue in 547 C.E.

22. The term pantokrater, used in the title of the mosaic Christ as the Pantokater, is Greek for Ruler of All

23. The gold-hammered vessel set with gems that contained the remains of Saint Foy is called a Reliquary