Intro to Visual Arts

The work, Ancestors of the Passage: A Healing Journey through the Middle Passage by _______ treats the subject of slavery and its effects on women. | Imna Arroyo (p. 50-51) | _______ is(are) usually necessary for someone to be able to create art from the ideas in his/her imagination. | training & practice (p. 14) | Ideals of beauty are: | culturally influenced (p. 45) | Ludwig Hohlwein's poster "Und Du?" is an example of: | propaganda (p. 37-38) | In the formalist approach the chief emphasis to judging quality in art is on ________. | how the artist manipulates elements of design (p. 48) | Censorship of art was never an issue until the twentieth century. | FALSE (p. 30-31) | Some artists cannot easily explain why they create art. For them, it is ________. | an inner calling (p. 13) | Three-dimensional artworks have ________. | height, width, and depth (p. 16) | A work of art can be judged from very different points of view. | TRUE (p. 46-47) | Georgia O'Keeffe wanted to paint an exact representation of what she saw in nature. | FALSE (p.22-23) | There are no absolute guidelines for judging ________ in art. | quality (p. 46) | The meaning found in art, including the subject-matter and the emotions, ideas and symbols is called __________. | content (p. 32) | Piet Mondrian's Composition (B) En Bleu, et Blanc (Composition in Blue, Yellow, & White) is an example of __________. | nonobjective, or nonrepresentational, painting (p. 20) | For Paul Klee, the act of artistic creation seemed to be a way of approaching ________. | the unseen (p. 42) | When someone pays an artist to create a work of art it is called a ________. | patronage (p. 37) | A naive artist is someone who has never been formally trained in the techniques of art. | TRUE (p. 42) | Maya Ying Lin said she wanted her Vietnam Veterans' Memorial to be _________. | honest about the reality of war (p. 35) | An artist who uses abstraction as an approach is: | extracting the essence of the real object (p. 20) | In Western society, the acceptance of art by women and artists of color has been subject to racial and gender stereotyping. | TRUE (p. 50-51) | The first purpose of applied arts is to: | serve some useful function (p. 24) | Complementary colors are those that are: | opposite each other on the color wheel (p. 133) | During the Renaissance, European painters developed the technique of chiaroscuro, which means: | light and shade (p. 118) | When the figure and ground are about equal in area an artist can create a _________, in which either color can be interpreted as lying on top of the other. | figure-ground reversal (p. 96) | When two-dimensional images are made to look three-dimensional it is called: | illusion (p. 82) | The surface quality of a work is called: | texture (p. 110) | The shapes in Matisse's painting The Snail are called hard-edged because ________. | their boundaries are clearly distinguished (p. 85 & 88) | When a visual effect is so realistic it fools our perception it is called ________. | tromp l'oeil (p. 115) | Atmospheric perspective is a way to ___________. | show deep space by making distant things hazy (p. 101) | On its most basic level, three-dimensional art physically _________. | occupies space (p. 91) | The sculptor Henry Moore was interested in the interplay between _________. | positive form and negative space (p. 80) | Alexander Calder's Cow uses _________ lines to create a sense of three-dimensionality and to emphasize the overall form of the image. | contour (p. 58 & 91) | Real-world objects taken from trash heaps and used in art are called: | found objects (p. 93) | In art the term "scale" refers to: | relative size (p. 105) | The phrase "point of view" is used in art to indicate where the viewer is standing in relation to the figures in the artwork. | TRUE (p. 103) | A shape placed on a two-dimensional surface establishes a _________. | figure-ground relationship (p. 94) | Edward Steichen's photograph Rodin: The Thinker is a good example of the use of: | value and contrast (p. 118) | Sculptures that project out from a two-dimensional ground are called: | reliefs (p. 72) | Linear perspective is a mathematical system used to show: | recession in space (p. 97) | Anish Kapoor's Cloud Gate employs reflected light to capture the viewer's attention. | TRUE (p. 124) | A mark or area that is significantly longer than it is wide may be perceived as _______. | a line (p. 57) | Balance is a principle of design based on the __________. | visual weight one assigns to parts of a work (p. 177) | Because _________ there is visual tension created in Nancy Graves' work Trace. | it is intentionally unbalanced (p. 179-180) | Repetition can be used in decorative works to create an all-over __________. | pattern (p. 168) | The __________ was critical to Frank Gehry in designing the Guggenheim Bilbao Museum. | environmental setting (p. 192-193) | The use of multiple triangles by Lucy Pettway in her artwork Birds in the Air exemplifies the organizing principle of: | repetition (p. 165) | In Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper, Christ is the most important figure, and his place in the composition is as the: | focal point (p. 185) | The ceremonial blanket from the Haida culture is an example of symmetry because __________. | the left side and the right side are identical (p. 177) | The painter Wassily Kandinsky believed that coherence and harmony in a painting could be achieved by using only ________. | colors and shapes, with no references to the physical world (p. 194-195) | Rhythm can be achieved by using: | shape or form, color, and line (p. 175) | In the rock garden of Ryoan-ji Temple, the relationship of sand to rocks and rock to rock formed out of meditation of the universe, not on adherence to a human system. | TRUE (p. 191) | _________ refers to the principle called "economy of means". | Paring away extraneous details (p. 187) | Rhythm in art can be compared with rhythm in music. | TRUE (p. 175) | A way of using the principle of variety so that two dissimilar things are compared is commonly called ________. | contrast (p. 172) | If an artist is drawing the human figure in proportion: | each body part should be in relative size to the others (p. 189) | All works of art have a focal point | FALSE (p. 185) | The golden rectangle is a way of establishing the: | ideal proportion of space (p. 189) | The use of multiple similar torsos by Magdelena Abakanowicz in her piece Backs is an example of the organizing principle of: | repetition (p. 165) | In Essence Mulberry, Helen Frankenthaler's use of gray paint the same color as the ground creates a ________. | transition (p. 169 & 171) | The principle of repetition works because our brains prefer order to chaos. | TRUE (p. 165) | Instead of using mathematical devices to unify the image in The Boating Part, Pierre-Auguste Renoir employed _________. | color and the objects in the scene to link groups of people (p. 182-183) | There are special crayons made of grease for use in lithographic printing. | TRUE (p. 209) | The word used to refer to the material with which the artist works is __________. | medium (p. 198) | Ink that is thinned with water or spirit and brushed on to suggest tone is called a ________. | wash (p. 213) | Charcoal can only be used in a quick, sketchy manner. | FALSE (p. 203) | During its history in China, brush and ink painting was ________. | considered spiritually expressive (p. 211) | Conte crayon is ________. | versatile and can be used for softness or sharp lines (p. 209) | The subtle value gradations Leonardo da Vinci created with chalk in "The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and John the Baptist are called: | sfumato (p. 206) | Of the tools for drawing that are classified as "dry" the most commonly used is: | graphite pencil (p. 201) | Georges Seurat was able to get a range of values from Conte crayon by __________. | working on textured paper (p. 209) | Leonardo da Vinci's "The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and John the Baptist" is a full-sized chalk drawing done as a model for a painting. This work is, thus, called a: | cartoon (p. 204) | Kathe Kollwitz's "Self-Portrait with a Pencil" shows that charcoal is often used because: | the fact that it smudges easily allows artists to exploit effects in toning the image (p. 203) | Drawing pens are sometimes made of bird feathers which are called quills. | TRUE (p. 210) | The word "pastel" is usually associated with ________ tones. | pale (p. 207) | In his drawing "Fish Skeletons" Hyman Bloom reverses the usual technique for pen and ink by: | using white ink on dark paper (p. 210) | Corot's Civita Castellana illustrates how the use of graphite pencils ___________. | can result in many value gradations, are good for drawing small precise lines like hatching, and can create many variations of grays and blacks (p. 202) | In early tempera painting that used gold leaf, the gold was applied: | over a surface of red gilder's clay, then burnished (p. 223) | Some nonobjective painters of the twentieth century worked on unsized canvas: | so that the paint would be absorbed right into the canvas (p. 218) | Drawing and painting are two separate things, with no similarities between them. | FALSE (p. 215) | The medium used by Kurt Schwitters for Merz 19 is called: | collage (p. 239) | Vincent Van Gogh's painting The Starry Night shows his use of impasto, which gives the painting surface textures ___________. | three-dimensionality (p. 217) | Ambrogio Lorenzetti's Allegory of Peace is a fresco, which was painted directly onto: | wet plaster walls (p. 219) | One of the main properties of tempera paint is: | it dries very quickly to a matte finish (p. 223) | In theory, acrylic paints are permanent and will never deteriorate. | TRUE (p. 236) | Encaustic must always be kept cool while it is being applied. | FALSE (p. 218) *Encaustic uses hot wax which becomes more difficult as it cools | Mosaics are an art form that is still used today. | TRUE (p. 240) | Correggio's painting Danae seems to glow because the artist used ________: layers of pigment suspended in a transparent medium. | glazes (p. 228) | Of painting media, the only one that does not dry quickly is: | oil (p. 224) | For his huge murals of Mexican political history, Diego Rivera __________. | sketched directly onto the wall with red chalk or charcoal (p. 219-220) | The Young Woman with a Gold Pectoral is an example of the early method of painting known as ________ in which pigment is suspended in hot wax. | encaustic (p. 218) | In general, paint is made by suspending ____________ in a liquid medium and adding a binder. | pigment (p. 215) | Graphic designers usually work with other people, such as marketing specialists and clients. | TRUE (p. 269) | Although graphic design is for commercial purposes, some designs, like Toulouse-Lautrec's poster, have been treated like ________. | fine art (p. 269) | The advertisement for the Chicago Spire shown in Wallpaper magazine relies on _________ to lure us into wanting to know more about the product. | a sparse illustration (p. 274) | The image by Alberto Seveso used for the cover of a magazine about computer arts includes elements suggesting the ___________, and are meant to evoke the mind of a young computer designer at work. | unraveled strands of computer circuitry (p. 275-276) | Peter Good feels that, unlike Europeans, American culture is not generally receptive to ___________. | ambiguity (p. 270) | A good graphic designer will ____________. | consider the taste and interests of the public, elicit a certain feeling toward the public, and lure the public into wanting to know more (p. 268-269) | According to Peter Good, graphic designers should ___________. | be constantly open to new ways of seeing things (p. 270) | The edition of The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer published by William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones is a good example of __________. | harmony of design (p. 275 & 277) | For The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones created a special Gothic ___________ to allude to the period in which the stories were originally written. | typeface (p. 275 & 277) | Typefaces are often chosen according to the ___________ messages they convey. | psychological (p. 273) In 1976, Peter Good designed the "I Love New York" slogan of a red heart between black, block letters that was designed to promote tourism to the city. | FALSE (p. 268) Created by Milton Glaser | Paul Rand, who designed the IBM logo, believed that corporate logos should ___________. | consist of simple, universal, and timeless shapes (p. 269) | The Graphic Design guru Milton Glaser once said, "I like to design something for institutions that did no harm and for personalities that I feel comfortable with." | TRUE (p. 276) | The two major ingredients of graphic design are: | letters and images (p. 272) | The cover image from Computer Arts Interactive shows the importance of ____________ in magazines. | illustrations (p. 275-276) | A big improvement in photography, based on Fox Talbot's work, was: | the development of a means of creating multiple copies of an image (p. 280) | From the time of the Renaissance, some artists used a camera obscura, which was a ___________. | dark room or box that used light to show images on a surface (p. 279) | The photographer best known for is experiments in placing still pictures into a sequence to analyze motion is: | Eadweard Muybridge (p. 295) | For the past few decades videos by fine artists have been included in the collections of great museums. | TRUE (p. 305) | The purpose of Dante Gabriel Rossetti's photograph of Jane Morris was to: | serve as a study for a drawing (p. 281) | The word photography is Greek for _________. | writing with light (p. 279) | Dorothea Lange's photograph Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California, is an example of ___________ photography. | documentary (p. 283) | One of the very earliest popular uses of photography was __________. | for portraits whose aim was capturing a perfect likeness (p. 280) | The ___________ offers an example of how, before the advent of color photography, patrons had themselves photographed before a false backdrop with details hand painted. | Portrait of a Landowner (p. 281) | The Cabinet of Doctor Caligari is an example of the _________ style of film-making. | expressionist (p. 299) | Ordinary television signals are transmitted ________. | through the air (p. 304) | The photographs of Ansel Adams have played a major role in: | land conservation efforts (p. 284-285) | This film uses 4 separate and conflicting points of view to make a statement about truth. | Rashomon (p. 303) | In a film, the splicing together of a variety of shots at the editing stage is called a: | montage (p. 299) | When a single scene in a film continues for several minutes with no break it is called: | an extended take (p. 296) | Artists use found objects to create artwork by a process called: | assembling (p. 340) | In fifteenth-century Benin sculptors were supported by _________. | patronage of the king (p. 332) | A gouge, a mallet, and a scraper are tools used for _________. | carving wood (p. 329-330) | The sculpture, Pod Pocha by Ursula von Rydingsvard employs both stacking of elements and carving away to suggest _________. | the natural processes of geological layering and erosion (p. 341) | For his monumental sculptures, such as Torqued Ellipses, Richard Serra uses computer modeling to work out __________. | basic coordinates, balance, layout and shape (p. 328) | In Michelangelo's David the figure's head and shoulders are in a slightly opposite direction than his hips and legs, in a pose called: | contrapposto (p. 334) | The ability of sculptural material to resist forces of pressure, like gravity, is called its: | tensile strength (p. 330) | Artwork made of impermanent found objects is referred to as ________. | ephemeral (p. 344) | The lost-wax process of bronze casting can only be used for small objects. | FALSE (p. 337) | Michelangelo believed that one piece of marble was the same as another. | FALSE (p. 331) | Stone can be polished to be very smooth. | TRUE (p. 334) | This sculpture by Louise Nevelson, called Black Wall is made of various pieces of wood. This sculpture is called an: | assemblage (Ch. 10 PPT) | Zoe Leonard creates sculptural installations, such as Strange Fruit (for David), from __________ materials. | ephemeral (p. 344) | Artists like using stone for sculpture because of its: | permanence (p. 329-330) | Robert Smithson's Spiral Jetty is an example of: | earthworks (p. 346) | The bronze sculpture of Degas' Horse Galloping on Right Foot shows the details of the original: | modeling in wax (p. 335, 337) | In casting, a mold is used into which: | molten material is poured (p. 337) | The Greeks developed the ___________ process of casting, which is still used. | lost-wax (p. 337) | To keep track of where they are when carving a block, wood sculptors may __________. | draw the outline of the sculpture on the wood (p. 330) | Sculpture made from found objects is sometimes called ___________ sculpture. | junk (Ch 10 PPT) | Porcelain is considered to be the most precious of ceramic ware because it is: | pure white, non-absorbent, and very strong (p. 355) | Dale Chihuly is a major artist in the field of: | art glass (p. 365) | Iron that is worked in a heated state with hand tools is called: | wrought (p. 358) | The ancient craft of making objects from clay is called: | ceramics (p. 352) | Crafts have been highly developed since ___________. | millennia ago (p. 350) | Soft woods, such as pine and spruce, are not always easy to work with because ___________. | they may splinter while being worked on (p. 360) | The practice of ________ seems to have begun with the nomads of Central Asia. | weaving rugs for covering their tents and wrapping their possessions (p. 371) | Louis Tiffany and John La Forge developed: | the opalescent form of stained glass (p. 369) | Susye Billy, a basket weaver of the native Pomo people in California, has said natural materials for her craft are difficult to obtain because __________. | land developers have changed the natural environment (p. 369) | Some woodworkers look for "defects" in a piece of wood, like ______, as seen in Mark Lindquist's Toutes Uncommon Bowl. | burls (p. 363-364) | Most clay vessels are _______ to ensure permanence and water resistance. | baked (p. 353) | An ancient method for working with clay is called: | wheel-throwing (p. 353) | Douglas Steakley's raised vessels are an example of: | hammered copper (p. 360) | A common clay body, or mixtures of different kinds of clay, is: | earthenware (p. 352) | Wood cannot be used for extremely ornate forms. | FALSE (p. 360) | Harvey Littleton revived the art of glassmaking in the twentieth century __________ movement. | studio glass (p. 364) | Today's craft artisans experiment with new techniques only and have little or no interest in traditional methods. | FALSE (p. 350-351) | Wedging is a step in the process in which the artist: | removes air pockets from the clay (p. 353) | Any type of clay is suitable for ceramics. | FALSE (p. 352) | Slab building is a method for: | building up clay (p. 352-353) | Among the things architects consider is acoustics, or the: | science of sound (p. 392) | The walled gardens in the Alhambra were functional and provided fruits and vegetables for the royal family. | FALSE (p. 401) | The interiors of buildings with steel frameworks: | are broad open spaces (p. 400) | Buildings constructed in the International Modern Style are: | constructed along purely functional lines, largely made with glass exteriors, and lacking in ornamentation. (p. 402) | The "Nakagin Capsule Building" in Tokyo is an example of ____________. | modular construction (p. 405) | Of the names listed below, the one that is not a Greek order is: | Rhodian (p. 396) *Corinthian, Ionic, and Doric are all Greek orders | Architects are like artists working in other visual media because they: | use the elements of design and the organizing principles (p. 386-387) | R. Buckminster Fuller's architectural theory is based on forms created by nature at the molecular level. | TRUE (p. 403) *Geodesic domes | The circular interior space of the Pantheon in Rome is called a: | rotunda (p. 390) | Through its innovative architectural developments, Romans were able to build: | domes, open spaces without obstructions, and barrel vaults (p. 396) | To account for local climate in his design of an Amsterdam Bank Complex, A. Ton Alberts incorporated _________. | solar panels (p. 408) | Which of the following is hardest to carve: wood, ivory, jade, or marble? | jade (Ch 10 PPT) | Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater is a good example of the use of: | cantilevered beams (p. 405 & 407) | The Suq ai-Ainau is an excellent example of how architects adapt their designs to respond to _________. | the environment in which the structure is placed (p. 392) | The flying buttress was used in the interior of Gothic cathedrals, such as Chartres, to support the thick interior walls. | FALSE (p. 399) *Flying buttresses reduce the need for thick interior walls | The invention of balloon-frame construction came about with the development of: | mass-produced nails (p. 400) *and machined boards instead of hand-cut lumber) | Stone has been used as a building material since ancient times because of its compressive strength, which is the: | ability to support pressure without breaking (p. 394) | Eric Kuhne's Bluewater Shopping Complex in Kent, England contains a rain forest and mountain bike trails. | TRUE (p. 407) | In post-modern architecture, building designs tend to: | be expressive and individual, following no one specific style (p. 406) | Wrought iron began to be used for framing buildings in the _________ century. | nineteenth (p. 400) | | The word art encompasses many meanings, including process. Which of the following is considered an artistic process?
1. memorization
2. human capacity
3. a tapestry
4. sculpting
5. a building | sculpting | Marc Chagall's self-portrait I and the Village can best be described as a depiction of ____. | fantasy | An anti-commercial movement begun in the 1960s in which works of art are conceived and executed in the mind of the artist is known as ____. | Conceptual art | Robert Barry wrote:

All of the things I know
But of which I am not
At the moment thinking -
1:36PM; June 15, 1969

This is an example of a ____. | wordwork | The 19th-century painter Jean-François Millet wrote, "I try not to have things look as if chance had brought them together, but as if they had a necessary bond between them." Here, the artist is expressing his quest for ____ in his art works. | harmony | Henri Matisse and Romare Bearden both utilize ____ to create order and harmony in their versions of the Piano Lesson. | color and shape repetition | In his famous 1907 photograph, Alfred Stieglitz captures the juxtaposition of the upper and lower classes on board the Kaiser Wilhelm II ship. This photograph is titled ____. | The Steerage | African-American artist Faith Ringgold records the story of her life and dreams on a Harlem rooftop. Her painted memories are depicted within the framework of a(n) ____. | patchwork quilt | In Nighthawks, Edward Hopper's desolate scene of late night diners in a city café, the scene seems to be set in the period of the ____. | 1940s | Zaha Hadid's Sheikh Zayed Bridge, connecting Abu Dhabi to the mainland, was heavily influenced by Arabic calligraphy and arches that mimic Middle Eastern ____. | sand dunes | Picasso protested the horror and brutality of the Spanish civil war in his 1937 masterpiece painting known as ____. | Guernica | Examining a work of art in its historical, social, and political ____ enables you to better understand it. | context | In Betye Saar's The Liberation of Aunt Jemima, the artist is protesting the use of Aunt Jemima as a(n) ____. | stereotype | Marcel Duchamp's Fountain is a readymade, produced from an upside-down ____. | urinal | Images painted directly on a wall or intended to cover a wall completely, such as José Clemente Orozco's Epic of American Civilization: Hispano-American, are known as ____. | murals | Judy Chicago's triangular installation called The Dinner Party was constructed to honor and immortalize ____. | history's notable women | The use of space and atmosphere in Max Beckmann's The Dream could be best described as ____. | claustrophobic | In Laurie Simmons' photograph Red Library #2, the perfect room and robot-like woman are meant to symbolize ____. | the dangers of too much order | The Roman Emperor Trajan's tomb is a(n) ____ designed to glorify his military victories; centuries later the French adapted this design for ____. | column; Emperor Napoleon | Suzanne Valadon's Adam and Eve subverts ____. | traditional negative Christian views of women | What civilization was obsessed with its idea of beauty, and developed mathematical formulas for sculpting the human body so it would achieve ideal perfection? | Classical Greeks | The 16th-century artist Leonardo da Vinci produced what is perhaps the most famous painting in the history of Western art. This painting is known as ____. | Mona Lisa | Glass sculptor Dale Chihuly's Fioridi Como, located in Las Vegas' Bellagio Hotel, is a 70-foot-long ceiling piece reminiscent of the shapes and brilliant colors of Venice's renowned ____ glass. | murano | Mexican artist Frida Kahlo is best known for her extremely realistic and often anguished ____. | self-portraits | In Four Marilyns, Pop artist Andy Warhol participated in the cultural ____ of the film star and icon Marilyn Monroe. | immortalization | Until modern times, art works have been primarily devoted to ____ themes. | religious | Located in Istanbul, Turkey, the ____ was built as a Christian church in 532-537 CE but was converted to an Islamic mosque in 1453 and now serves as a museum. Its ____ is especially wondrous, appearing to float on light streaming through its row of windows. | Hagia Sophia; dome | In art, a ____ is usually defined as a moving dot and is both the simplest and most complex of the visual elements. | line | From the Italian for "light-dark," what term is sometimes used in place of the word modeling? | chiaroscuro | In La Source, Prud'hon's nude figure is ____. | carefully modeled and three dimensional | A triangular glass solid that breaks down sunlight or white light into different colors is called a ____. | prism | The message or meaning in Helen Frankenthaler's amorphous abstract Bay Side seems to lie primarily in its ____. | color | The colors opposite each other on the color wheel are ____. | complementary | Art works that utilize closely related families of color seem ____. | harmonious and soothing | Impressionist painter Claude Monet was trying to capture the effect of ____ in his Haystack at Sunset Near Giverny. | optical color | Actual texture is primarily experienced through the sense of ____. | touch | David Gilhooly's Bowl of Chocolate Moose seems gooey and edible. It is a visual pun that employs the use of a technique known as ____. | trompe l'oeil | When an artist places one object in front of another to create the illusion of depth, it is called ____. | overlapping | In works with ____, the lines are completed by the viewer. | implied line | ____, in which parallel lines converge at one or more vantage points on the horizon to create the illusion of depth, was highly refined by ____ artists. | Linear perspective; Renaissance | American sculptor Alexander Calder is known for his mobiles, which are excellent examples of ____. | kinetic art | Every Sunday, ____ suggests the motion of the characters by repetition of imagery that changes slightly from frame to frame. | Dilbert | One of the best ways to create the illusion of motion on a two-dimensional surface is by ____. | blurring outlines | When you look at a(n) ____ painting, your eyes are manipulated to see rippling movement and afterimages. | Op art | What inspired Picasso to create his groundbreaking painting known as Les Demoiselles d'Avignon? | African and Iberian art | The edges formed by the flesh and muscle in Edward Weston's Knees are best described as ____. | contour lines | Mark Tansey's Landscape depicts three-dimensional massive shapes on a two-dimensional surface, creating what is known as ____. | implied mass | Which of the following shapes can be considered a cultural icon?
1. all of these choices
2. Chinese yin yang
3. Jewish Star of David
4. Christian cross
5. Apple logo | all of these choices | In Martina Lopez' Heirs Come to Pass, 3, the primary technique used to create the illusion of depth is ____. | relative size | In Emily Mary Osborne's Nameless and Friendless, ____ visually connect and lead the viewer's eye around the composition. | gestures and glances | ____ creates the illusion of roundness or three dimensionality through the use of light and shadow on a two-dimensional surface. | Modeling | Diagonal lines are often used to ____. | imply movement and directionality | Unlike pure, bilateral symmetry, ____ provides variety within an overall unified composition. | approximate symmetry | Leonardo da Vinci's Proportion of the Human Figure can best be considered an example of ____. | bilateral symmetry | Andy Warhol's grid-based composition, Ethel Scull Thirty-Six Times, exhibits ____ due to the multidimensional and varied views of Scull's personality and expressions. | variety within unity | ____ is often a major design element in art forms such as ceramics, basketry, jewelry, and stained glass. | Radial balance | As in Robert Capa's photograph Death of a Loyalist Soldier, imbalance in a work of art can be used to capture a sense of ____. | movement | Palmer Hayden's The Subway represents a demographic and ethnic cross-section of the strap-hanging riders of 1930s New York City and thus demonstrates ____. | emphasis on variety | In Family of Saltimbanques, Picasso places visual emphasis on the seated woman in the painting through ____. | isolation | Content can be a powerful focal point in a work of art. In Edgar Degas' Woman Leaning near a Vase of Flowers, the focal point of the composition is the ____. | daydreaming woman | A good architectural example of rhythmic progression can be found in the ____ in the ceiling of the mosque at Córdoba, Spain. | arches | Count de Montizon's photograph The Hippopotamus at the Zoological Gardens, Regent's Park is trying to communicate the ____ of the exotic animal by comparing it to the nine onlookers behind it. | scale | The device of ____ to create unity is reflected in the ages of the youth, their ethnicity, and their suggested bond of friendship in Delilah Montoya's Los Jovenes (Youth). | continuity | According to Polykleitos, the head of an ideal human body should be ____ of the total height of the body. | one eighth | The ancient Greeks developed the concept of the ____ because they believed that it created ideal proportions in architecture. | Golden Mean | If you superimpose a diagram of a ____ over a photograph of the East façade of the Parthenon, it is a perfect fit. | root five rectangle | Whether conscious of the mathematical basis of ancient Greek architectural designs or not, Michelangelo utilized their components when he painted the ____. | Sistine Chapel ceiling | In Welcome the World Famous Brand, the Luo Brothers portray an overcrowded composition which emphasizes ____. | the convergence of consumerism and globalism | In Kay Sage's I Saw Three Cities, most of the visual weight in the composition occurs in the lower half but is balanced in the upper reaches of the sky by ____. | a flowing column of drapery | Variations such as the use of complementary colors and the hazy double of the clear, detailed face of the dog contribute to make William Wegman's Ethiopia an example of ____. | approximate symmetry | In Wu Jide's River Dwellers, patches of white and well placed touches of color are responsible for the overall ____in an asymmetrical and essentially monochromatic composition. | visual balance | We can discern the proper size of which of the following objects in Magritte's Personal Values?
1. none of these choices
2. comb
3. goblet
4. matchstick
5. bed | none of these choices | Which of the following statements about the patriarchal figure in Viola Frey's Family Portrait does not indicate his influential status within the family? | Toys can be seen in the composition. | Although there is much variety amongst the characters in Archibald Motley Jr.'s Saturday Night, the overall composition is unified by ____. | a glowing red color field | The compositional unity in Thomas Hart Benton's Palisades derives primarily from ____. | curvilinear shapes and lines | When artists focus on the unity of ideas and meaning in their work rather than the visual and compositional elements, they are pursuing ____. | conceptual unity | Unlike two-dimensional compositions, three-dimensional objects such as sculptures often have ____. | actual balance | ____ refers to a distinctive handling of elements and media associated with the work of an individual artist, a school or movement, or a specific culture or period. | Style | Oskar Kokoschka's frenzied brushstrokes in The Tempest are thought to mirror his own ____. | inner torment | Donna Rosenthal's male and female figures in He Said...She Said are implied by a suit and party dress made from ____. | pages of discarded books and newspapers | Compositions such as Barbara Hepworth's Two Figures are termed ____ because they make no reference at all to nature or reality. | Nonobjective | In Brancusi's sculpture The Kiss, the two figures are reduced to a simple block form, much like the ____ of Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. | Cubism | Judy Pfaff's nonobjective painting Voodoo leads viewers to try to find subject matter in the work based on its ____. | title | The form of an artwork includes all of the elements that make up the composition except ____. balance 2. subject matter
3. three dimensionality
4. texture
5. color | subject matter | The ____ of a work of art is everything that is contained in it. | content | The main narrative or subject matter of Barbara Kruger's Untitled: We Don't Need Another Hero is ____. | gender ideology | Jacques Louis-David said "To give a body and a perfect form to your thought, this alone is what it is to be an artist." Based on his statement, David was most likely a(n) ____ artist. | realist | ____ is the study of the themes and symbols in the visual arts: the figures and images that lend works their underlying meanings. | Iconography | Roy Lichtenstein's Forget It, Forget Me! is an example of Pop Art that has the visual appearance of a ____. | comic strip | The underlying symbolism in an artist's depiction of an elderly man stooped over amongst leafless, snow-covered trees in the depths of winter is most likely which of the following? | The man is approaching death. | Bronzino's complex allegory Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time offers up such an iconographic puzzle that there is little doubt that he intended to leave the viewer with a sense of ____. | ambiguity | Willie Bester's collage Semekazi (Migrant Miseries) was intended to symbolize the ____. | oppression of South African apartheid | Jacques Louis-David was first the court painter to King Louis XVI, but by a twist of fate ended up as painter to ____. | Napoleon Bonaparte | One of the best ways to illustrate stylistic differences between works of art is to choose several works that have a ____. | common theme | In Robert Mapplethorpe's photography, such as Ken Moody and Robert Sherman, he drew the world's attention to what it was like to ____. | be gay and living in America | The setting of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec's The Two Girlfriends takes place in ____. | turn-of-the-century Paris | Context has a profound influence on style. Artworks are very much a product of ____. | their culture at a moment in time | ____ refers to the portrayal of people and things as they actually are, with no idealization or distortion. | Realism | ____ is both a very realistic portrait of rural life in America and an icon of American art due to its many commercial reproductions on cereal boxes, greeting cards, posters, and the like. | Grant Wood's American Gothic | The couple in Lichtenstein's Forget It, Forget Me! are not very realistic but they are clearly recognizable. The painting is therefore a good example of ____. | representational art | The artist Jacques Lipchitz said "Copy nature and you infringe on the work of our Lord. Interpret nature and you are an artist." Based on this comment, Lipchitz was probably not a(n) ____ artist. | realistic | In expressionistic art, the artist intentionally distorts colors and forms in the composition in order to achieve a(n) ____. | heightened emotional impact | Broadly defined, ____ is the art of running an implement that leaves a mark over a surface. | drawing | From the Latin for "blood," ____ is the name associated with an earthy red chalk color. | sanguine | To achieve the subtle tonal contrasts in his Portrait of a Woman, Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux created a hazy atmosphere through the use of ____. | soft chalk on coarse paper | Edgar Degas was one of the masters of pastel drawing in 19th-century France. In ____, Degas depicted one of his favorite subjects. | Woman at Her Toilette | Jaune Quick-to-See Smith's The Environment: Be a Shepherd is reminiscent of a ____ due to its simple forms and sketchy manner. | mental sketchbook | Many of the artist Chuck Close's unidealized portraits, such as Self Portrait/Conte Crayon, are based on a ____, which produces blurry photographic likenesses. | grid transfer method | After meeting Ms. Mary Lou Furcron, African American artist Beverly Buchanan's life and art have focused on ____, as seen in Henriette's Yard. | southern shack dwellers | The oldest known type of ink is India or China ink, made from a solution of ____. | carbon black and water | Pen and ink are used to create drawings, such as Jean Dubuffet's Garden, that are essentially ____. | linear | As in Giovanni Battista Tiepolo's Hagar and Ishmael in the Wilderness, wash provides a ____ absent in pen-and-ink drawings. | tonal emphasis | ____ artists are masters of the brush-and-ink medium. They have used it for centuries for all types of ____. | Japanese; calligraphy | With a drawing, the quality of line and the nature of shading are very much affected by the ____ of the support. | texture | The medium of brush and wash is more versatile than brush and ink, as seen in Leonardo da Vinci's Study of Drapery. It is so realistic that it is almost ____. | photographic | In its original meaning, a ____ was a full-scale preliminary drawing executed on paper for projects such as frescoes, stained glass, oil paintings, or tapestries. | cartoon | Which of the following drawing materials cannot be smudged or rubbed for a hazy effect?
1. chalk
2. silverpoint
3. charcoal
4. pastel
5. pencil | silverpoint | Dr. Seuss, famous for his children's books, worked for a New York tabloid newspaper as chief editorial cartoonist during ____. | World War II | Honoré Daumier's pen and ink drawing, The Three Lawyers, is a caricatured illustration of ____. | pompous, superficial lawyers | Rembrandt copied ____ but added some additional features to his own sketched version. | Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper | Michelangelo's Studies for the Libyan Sybil is a good example of a drawing that was meant to be used ____. | as a preparatory study for another project | The unforgiving medium of ____ was widely used for drawing from the late Middle Ages to the early 1500s, when it was largely replaced by the lead pencil. | silverpoint | In silverpoint drawings, the drawing surface must be coated with a ground of ____. | bone dust or chalk mixed with gum, water, and pigment | A form of charcoal was used by our primitive ancestors to create images on ____. | cave walls | The effects of ____ when each is drawn against a paper surface are very similar. | charcoal, chalk, and pastel | Claudio Bravo's Package is an excellently executed trompe l'oeil drawing that presents the illusion of a package wrapped in ____. | crumpled brown paper and string | The binding agent that powdered pigment is mixed with to form paint is known as the ____. | vehicle | The transition to oil paint in the 14th and 15th centuries was gradual. For many years, it was only used for ____ in order to give the paintings a high sheen. | glazing | Rembrandt used ____ to create his oil-on-board painting of the Head of St. Matthew. | impasto | When a painter's oil paint becomes too thick, he has to thin it with a ____. | medium of turpentine | Pop artist Roy Lichtenstein's portrait of George Washington is an oil-on-canvas image that most resembles a(n) ____. | comic-book hero | Contemporary artist Ed Paschke's Anesthesio composition has been "defaced" by ____, thus obscuring Lincoln's portrait. | abstract patches of neon-like color | ____ is a mixture of pigment and a synthetic resin vehicle that can be thinned with water. | Acrylic | Helen Oji's Mount St. Helen's is an opaque impasto composition in the shape of a ____. | Japanese kimono | In Roger Shimomura's Untitled painting, he has blended traditional Japanese imagery with American cartoon characters and includes a self-portrait in which he is depicted as ____. | the Statue of Liberty | Contemporary watercolor is referred to as ____, made up of pigments and a vehicle of ____. | aquarelle; gum arabic | ____ was the principal painting medium during the Byzantine and Romanesque eras of Christian art. | Gouache | True fresco, or ____, is executed on damp ____. | buon fresco; lime plaster | The fluidity and portability of watercolor has often lent itself to____. | rapid sketches and preparatory studies | Master graffiti artists almost always add "tags" to their artworks, which are ____. | stylized signatures | The Synthetic Cubists were the first to create papiers collés, or collages, in the early 20th century. The two major figures of this movement were ____. | Picasso and Braque | Miriam Schapiro's Maid of Honour is a paint-and-fabric construction that she labeled ____. | femmage | Ralph Going's Rock Ola is a contradiction of what we normally consider when we think of a watercolor on paper because the work is considered to be ____. | Photorealism | Gilbert Stuart's 18th-century traditional portrait of George Washington achieves a realistic likeness largely through ____. | modeling | In Giotto's 14th-century painting Lamentation, joints can clearly be seen that break the blue sky into numerous sections. This occurred because of the ____. | limitations of fresco | The ancient Egyptians and Greeks tinted their sculptures with ____ to give them a lifelike appearance. | encaustic | The traditional composition of tempera, rarely used today, consisted of ____. | egg, pigment, and water | ____ was the exclusive painting medium of artists during the Middle Ages. | Tempera | In both tempera and oil painting, the surface of the wood or canvas is covered with a ground of powdered chalk or plaster and animal glue known as ____. | gesso | Fifteenth-century artist Gentile da Fabriano applied thinly hammered sheets of gold to his Adoration of the Magi tempera panel using a technique known as ____. | gilding | The working surface from which a print is made is called a ____. | matrix | ____ is the only printmaking process in which prints can be rendered in paint as well as ink. | Serigraphy | Etching is a very versatile medium. In Henri Matisse's Loulou in a Flowered Hat, he used ____ to represent the essential features of a woman. | only a few uniformly etched lines | The popularity of relief printing declined with the introduction of the ____ process, which did not appear until the 15th century. | intaglio | In works such as her Untitled mixed-media print of Chinese girls, Hung Liu's purpose is to ____. | highlight the degradation of previous generations of Chinese women | Which of the following types of printmaking is not an essentially linear media?
1. drypoint
2. woodblock
3. mezzotint
4. engraving
5. etching | mezzotint | In the 17th century, a Dutchman developed a technique for mezzotint, from the Italian for ____, in which the metal plate is worked over with a multi-toothed tool called a ____. | half-tint; hatcher | Mezzotint is rarely used because____. | it is a painstaking and time consuming procedure | In The Painter and His Model, Picasso was able to approximate the effects of mezzotint with a much simpler technique known as ____. | aquatint | Aquatint is frequently used along with line etching to mimic the effects produced by ____. | wash drawings | ____ is a type of etching that can be used to produce the effects of crayon or pencil drawings. | Soft-ground etching | The oldest form of printmaking is ____, and most likely the first people to use it were the ancient ____. | woodcut; Chinese | The 20th-century American abstract artist Josef Albers created Solo V, an inkless intaglio technique known as ____. | gauffrage | Lithography, invented in the beginning of the 19th century by a German playwright, is a planographic, or ____, printing process in which a ____ is used. | surface; stone slab | Chinese artist Wang Guangyi's Great Criticism: Coca-Cola is a ____ that resembles a commercially produced propaganda poster. | color lithograph | Serigraphy, or silkscreen, was first developed for use as a(n) ____ medium, a fitting medium because Pop artist ____ used it to create Four Multi-colored Marilyns | commercial; Andy Warhol | A monotype differs from all other printmaking techniques because ____. | it only yields a single, unique image | The female image in Red Coat by Alex Katz is most reminiscent of a ____. | supermodel icon | Zhao Xiaomo's Family by the Lotus Pond is a ____. The areas that were not meant to be printed were carved out ____ the surface of the wood. | woodcut; below | Woodcuts make use of the flat surface of wooden boards, but wood engravings use the end sections of the boards, yielding a ____ surface. | hard, non-directional | In Paul Landacre's Growing Corn, we see a good example of the ____ that can be obtained from the skillful use of wood engraving. | precise lines and tonal gradations | Intaglio prints are made from ____ into which lines have been incised. | metal plates | In the ____ process, the artist creates clean-cut lines on a plate of copper, zinc, or steel by forcing a sharp burin across the surface with the heel of the hand. | engraving | In creating his Christ Crucified between Two Thieves, Rembrandt used a drypoint needle in order to create ____. | soft, velvety lines | Etching is an intaglio process in which the matrix is covered with a waxy substance and the design is drawn into this substance. The completed matrix drawing is then put into a(n) ____. | acid bath that etches the exposed areas of the matrix | The advent of the camera replaced the age-old need of art to imitate nature as closely as possible, and this change, in turn, led to the development of 20th century artistic ____. | abstraction | The Artist's Studio, taken in 1837, was the first photograph of its kind and was produced on silver-plated copper by ____. | Daguerre | William Henry Fox Talbot's first "photogenic drawings" were eerie, delicate photographs of ____, produced from a ____. | plants; negative | After the daguerreotype, the next major advance in the history of photography was the development of the ____ process, an example of which is Young Lady with an Umbrella. | autochrome | By the 1850s, photographic portrait studios became quite popular and began to serve the needs of ____. | a growing middle class | Alexander Gardner's Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter, Gettysburg is a graphic photo taken during the ____, probably from a camera in a wagon known as a ____. | United States Civil War; Whatsit | Dorothea Lange's Migrant Mother is a touching photograph taken during the period of ____. | the Great Depression | Margaret Bourke-White wrote, "Using the camera was almost a relief; it interposed a slight barrier between myself and the white horror in front of me..." Here, Bourke-White is describing ____. | Buchenwald during the Holocaust | Edward Steichen's ____, taken in 1906, is one of the foremost early examples of the photograph as a work of art | The Flatiron Building-Evening | Which of the following photographers is not known also for his or her work in other artistic media?
1. David Hockney
2. William Wegman
3. Sandy Skoglund
4. James VanDerZee
5. Cindy Sherman | James VanDerZee | William Wegman's Blue Period is a canine spoof on ____. | Picasso's Old Guitarist | The word photography is derived from Greek roots that mean ____. | to write with light | A flash or whirl of abruptly changing newspaper headlines meant to indicate the progression of time and events in a film is known as a ____. | montage | Which classic early color film depicted real life in black and white and imaginary life in expressionistic color? | The Wizard of Oz | Dara Birnbaum's multimedia installation PM Magazine appropriated images from the network show of the same title in an effort to focus on ____. | the exploitation of women | Salvador Dalí and Luis Buñuel's 1928 surrealistic film Un Chien Andalou was intended by the creators to ____. | evoke instinctive reactions of repulsion and attraction | Robert Lazzarini's computer altered study for Payphone is intended to ____. | compel the viewer to take a new look at the familiar | In both the camera and the ____, light enters a narrow opening and is projected onto a photosensitive surface. | human eye | When a camera shutter opens for a few thousandths of a second over and over in quick succession, ____ shots are being taken. | candid | A(n) ____ magnifies faraway objects and collapses the spaces between ordinarily distant objects. | telephoto lens | The "active layer" of film contains a(n) ____ of small particles of ____. | emulsion; silver halide | With a Polaroid camera, the photograph appears before your eyes. This is an example of ____ film. | color reversal | Higher quality photographs are said to have higher ____. | resolution | The first photographic process to leave a permanent image was invented in 1826 and known as ____. | heliography | Michelangelo's The Cross-Legged Captive is an example of ____ sculpture. | subtractive | Due to its ____, clay is frequently used to make three-dimensional preparatory sketches for other sculptures. | weakness | In his Apollo and Daphne, the Italian Baroque sculptor Bernini captured the softness of flesh and the textures of hair, leaves, and bark, thereby showing us the potential of ____ as a sculptural material. | marble | In recent years, artists have produced ____ sculptures by welding, riveting, and soldering. | direct-metal | Referring to sculptures such as ____, art critic Robert Hughes said such works were "everything that statues had not been: not monolithic, but open, not cast or carved, but assembled from flat planes." | Picasso's Mandolin and Clarinet | Claes Oldenburg's Soft Toilet elevates an everyday object to a work of art and forces us to rethink its function in society. This is an example of ____. | Pop art | Betye Saar's Ancestral Spirit Chair is constructed of ____. | tree branches capped by salt shakers | Made from the seat and handlebars of an old bicycle, ____ is probably the best known assemblage of all time. | Picasso's Bull Head | According to Marcel Duchamp, the function of a readymade was to ____. | prompt the viewer to think and think again | The Simon Rodia Towers in Watts, coated with glass, tile, shells, and dishes, took 33 years to erect. It an example of a(n) ____. | mixed media assemblage | The American sculptor ____ was one of the early pioneers of the ____, the first form of art that made motion a basic element. | Calder; mobile | Which of the following is not an additive sculptural process?
1. Welding
2. Constructing
3. Carving
4. Casting
5. Modeling | Carving | Of the following, which material is more commonly used in assemblages? | wood | Edgar Degas' The Little Dancer was exhibited as a wax model in 1881 and later produced in ____. | bronze | Concerning his Cluster of Four Cubes, George Rickey wrote, "The cubes glide, nearly brushing one another in an intricate and graceful dance that belies their apparent bulk." This is an example of a ____. | kinetic sculpture | Light sculptor Dan Flavin primarily designs using ____. | fluorescent tubes | The painful realism of Kiki Smith's figures, complete with body parts and bodily fluids, was likely influenced by her career as a(n) ____. | emergency medical technician | Janine Antoni's 600-pound cube, titled Gnaw, is made of ____ and sculpted by ____. | chocolate; teeth | ____ is very likely the most demanding type of sculpture because the artist must have a clear concept of the final product from the very beginning of the process. | Carving | All but one of the following materials can be used for casting. Which one cannot?
1. Concrete
2. Wood
3. Iron
4. Bronze
5. Wax | Wood | In the lost wax process, molten metal is poured into a fire-resistant mold known as a(n) ____. | investiture | Sherry Levine's Fountains after Duchamp pays homage to Marcel Duchamp's original Dada "readymade" and is a classic example of ____. | appropriation art | In sculptural works such as Three Figures and Four Benches, George Segal produces plaster replicas of people who seem very ____. | isolated | Louise Nevelson said, "I began using found objects. I had all this wood lying around and I began to move it around, I began to compose." Nevelson's compositions are considered ____. | assemblages | Wood has more tensile strength than stone, meaning that it can be ____ more. | bent and stretched | Site-specific works are distinguished from other artworks in that they are produced ____. | in or for one location | Cai Guo Qiang's classic example of ephemeral art, Transient Rainbow, came and went in about ____ in June of 2002. | 15 seconds | Daniel Libeskind's zigzag design for his extension of the Berlin Museum was derived mathematically from plotting the addresses of ____. | Jewish artists killed in the Holocaust | Michelangelo's David was originally installed as a public work of art for the ____ in Florence. | Piazza della Signoria | One of the most beloved public sculptures in America is Emma Stebbins' Angel of the Waters, located ____. | in New York's Central Park | A ____, located at the entrance to Barcelona's Parc Guell, has become a favorite symbol of the city. | mosaic serpent by Gaudi | Antoni Gaudi was known for his ____ that helped define the Modernista style in Catalonia, Spain. | playful, organic forms | Located in Chicago's Millennium Park, Anish Kapoor's ____ is nicknamed ____ because of its elliptical shape. | Cloud Gate; the bean | The Cow Parades, turning up in every style and theme imaginable in many cities worldwide, are considered ____. | public art | The primary purpose of ____ is to preserve memories of persons or events. | monuments | Probably the most ubiquitous type of monument depicts a man on horseback, known as a(n) ____ statue. | equestrian | Andy Goldsworthy's Ice Piece was produced using ____. | his breath | The Oklahoma City National Memorial is a multipart memorial site that incorporates a number of symbolic elements, the most arresting being the ____. | Field of Empty Chairs | Which of the following is central to Peter Eisenman's Holocaust Memorial in Berlin? | a sense of loss and absence | Peter Eisenman placed 2711 gray, concrete ____ side by side to create a sense of claustrophobia at the Berlin Holocaust Memorial. | stelae | Which of the following monuments is considered a traditional triumphal design?
1. Oklahoma City Memorial
2. Berlin Holocaust Memorial
3. Vietnam Veterans Memorial
4. none of these choices
5. National World War II Memorial | National World War II Memorial | Which of the following statements about the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is not correct?
1. It has 200 foot long black granite walls.
2. The designer was a 22 year old Chinese American woman.
3. There is a large label that states who is being memorialized.
4. The work is antiheroic and antitriumphal.
5. One must descend into the ground to read the list of names. | There is a large label that states who is being memorialized. | Which of the following was designed to be a site-specific work? | New York City's Washington Arch | Goldsworthy's Storm King Wall snakes through fields and around trees, ____ and reappears to continue along the landscape. | dips into a pond | For The Ice Cube Project, Marco Evaristti and his crew ____ on an almost 10,000 square foot iceberg off the Greenland coast. | sprayed red dye | In Robert Smithson's Yucatan Mirror Displacements, the mirrors transform the environment by interrupting the ____. | natural setting | Walter de Maria's The Lightning Field is considered a spectacular example of ____. | land art | For The Gates, Christo and Jeanne-Claude installed ____ throughout Central Park in February of 2005. | saffron colored fabric panels | Which artist used their body as a building site for miniature dwellings for the work entitled Landscape-Body-Dwelling? | Charles Simonds | For her "Volcano" Series, Ana Mendieta marked the presence of ____ in the landscape using various methods and materials. | her body | The Native American dwellings at Mesa Verde, Colorado used ____ as part of the back support for more than one hundred rectangular ____. | cliff walls; apartments | Because it rests on a square base, the dome of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is supported by four triangular surfaces known as ____. | pendentives | In Hiroshi Sugimoto's Go-oh Shrine, by using both smooth and rough areas of wood and stone, the architect reveals that his primary emphasis is to create contrasts in ____. | texture | ____, primarily used for covering roofs of structures, acquire their strength from the fact that the sides of a triangle, once joined, cannot be forced out of shape. | Trusses | Originally a derisive term, ____ uses mass produced, light, easily handled cuts of wood and metal nails for the assembly of millions of homes and small buildings on site. | balloon framing | Richard Morris Hunt's Griswold House, built in 1863, was designed in the short-lived ____ style. Its exterior treatment resembled an assemblage of matchsticks with many turrets, gables, and dormers. | Stick | The 17,000 almost identical small homes built in post-World War II Levittown, New York, are a reflection of the ____. | need for mass suburban housing for growing metropolitan areas | Nineteenth-century industrialization led to the development of ____ as a building material, and it was the first material to allow the erection of tall buildings with relatively slender walls. | cast iron | Louis Sullivan's rigid horizontal and vertical processions of façade elements that suggest the regularity of the spaces within his Wainwright Building reinforce Sullivan's famous motto that ____. | "form follows function" | The Eiffel Tower's magnificent iron trusses were ____. | prefabricated | The original idea for reinforced concrete began in the 1860s with Jacques Monier, who proposed strengthening concrete ____ with wire mesh. | flowerpots | The prehistoric Stonehenge is one of the earliest examples of ____ construction, in which two stones were set vertically and a third stone laid across them, creating an opening beneath. | post-and-lintel | Which of the following structures did Tokyo architect Shigeru Ban not design?
1. Paper Refugee shelter
2. MOMA paper-tube arch
3. Nomadic Museum
4. Paper museum
5. Pod House | Pod House | In Frank Lloyd Wright's famous "Fallingwater," he made use of reinforced concrete to produce ____. | cantilevered decks | Which of the following statements about steel cable construction, first used to build the Brooklyn Bridge, is not true?
1. It has great tensile strength.
2. It is flexible, allowing the roadway underneath to sway.
3. It can be aesthetically pleasing.
4. Its many parallel wires share the stress.
5. It can only span very short distances. | It can only span very short distances. | ____ designed a type of shell architecture for the American Pavilion at Expo 67 in Montreal known as the ____. | Buckminster Fuller; geodesic dome | The assertive clashing of shapes in Frank Gehry's high-tech Ray and Maria Stata Center at MIT symbolizes ____. | the diverse disciplines that will be housed in the structure | Peter Testa believes we "need to rethink how we assemble buildings" and has designed a high-rise tower out of ____. | woven carbon fiber | The Incan fortress of Machu Picchu is considered to be ____ construction, as it was built without any mortar. | dry masonry | The interior of the Egyptian temple of Amen-Re at Karnak is cluttered by a forest of columns because of the ____. | weight of the massive stone lintels | One of the best preserved ancient Roman aqueduct systems is the ____ near Nimes, France. The ____ of the limestone blocks allowed for the weight of three tiers of arches. | Pont du Gard; compressive strength | The Church of St. Michael at Hildesheim, Germany, built in the Ottonian period (1001-1031), has square bays and its walls are blank and massive. This is due to its ____. | barrel vaulting | ____ are constructed by placing barrel vaults at right angles to cover a square space known as a ____. | Groin vaults; bay | The Church of St. Étienne was one of the first cathedrals to use true ribbed vaulting, allowing a(n) ____ to be pierced through the walls from which light could enter the nave of the church. | clerestory | The Gothic, pointed arch church of Notre-Dame of Paris is bathed in light due to its ample ____. | |

| There are no absolute guidelines for judging __________ in art. | quality* meaning value content | When someone pays an artist to create a work of art it is called | context political patronage* unity | True or False. A naive artist is someone who has never been formally trained in the techniques of art. | True | The work, Ancestors of the Passage: A Healing Journey through the Middle Passage by __________ treats the subject of slavery and its effects on women. | Chris Ofili
Susumu Kinoshita
Diego Rivera
Imna Arroyo* | True or False. In Western society, the acceptance of art by women and artists of color has been subject to racial and gender stereotyping. | True | Piet Mondrian's Composition (B) En Bleu, Jaune, et Blanc (Composition in Blue, Yellow, and White) is an example of | natural-looking landscape nonobjective, or nonrepresentational, painting* a Rococo painting style dramatic use of light and shadow | Idealization in art is a form of | realism* abstraction hero worship deep thinking | True or False. A work of art can be judged from very different points of view. | True | Vera Mukhina's Machine Tractor Driver and Collective Farm Girl is an example of | a genre scene sociopolitical content* abstraction capitalism | An artist who uses abstraction as an approach is | using mathematical formulas to figure out composition. extracting the essence of the real object.* faithfully representing the physical appearance of an object. painting on a very small scale. | Maya Ying Lin said she wanted her Vietnam Veterans' Memorial to be | a dark world, like the war itself a reminder to visitors of the government's role honest about the reality of war* none of the above | For Paul Klee, the act of artistic creation seemed to be a way of approaching | the unseen* fame the perfect lifestyle political awareness | Ludwig Hohlwein's poster is an example of | propaganda* portraiture spiritual purpose individualism | Wanting to stop art from being shown because of moral beliefs is called | commissioning authorship funding censorship* | In the formalist approach the chief emphasis to judging quality in art is on | attending high-quality art auctions. following the rules set forth by the Academy being a recognized art critic. how the artist manipulates elements of design* | Richard Diebenkorn's Ocean Park paintings are examples of | natural-looking landscapes non-objective paintings* a Rococo painting style dramatic use of light and shadow | _____ is(are) usually necessary for someone to be able to create art from the ideas in his/her imagination. | money and good connections. paint and pencils luck and prayers training and practice* | True or False. Georgia O'Keeffe wanted to paint an exact representation of what she saw in nature. | False | Ideals of beauty are | universal culturally influenced* only found in Classical Greek art impossible to paint | the FIRST purpose of the applied arts is to | serve some useful function* enable the artist to get a job create artworks for museums maintain traditional art forms | Real-world objects taken from trash heaps and used in art are called | treasures life's waste found objects* land art | The sculptor Henry Moore was interested in the interplay between | wood and marble animals and landscapes positive form and negative space* viewers and critics | A mark or area that is significantly longer than it is wide may be perceived as | three-dimensional linear perspective a picture plan a line* | In art the term "scale" refers to | relative size* the weight of sculpture texture of surface range of colors used | the surface quality of a work is called | satin finish polish texture* relief | When two-dimensional images are made to look three-dimensional it is called | abstraction surrealism illusion* stylization | Atmospheric perspective is a way to | depict clouds in different ways paint natural forces focus the light in a room on a painting show deep space by making distant things hazy* | Edward Steichen's photograph Rodin: The Thinker is a good example of the use of | reflections texture bronze casting value and contrast* | During the Renaissance, European painters developed the technique of chiaroscuro, which means | light and shade* real and artificial modern and antique black and white | The shapes in Matisse's painting The Snail are called hard-edged because | he used a ruler their boundaries are clearly distinguished* they represent brick walls the colors look like steel | True or False. Anish Kapoor's Cloud Gate employs reflected light to capture the viewer's attention | True | Three-dimensional art in the full round is designed to be seen | from one vantage point from all sides* from a distance up close | Alexander Calder's Cow uses _________ lines to create a sense of three-dimensionality and to emphasize the overall form of the image. | angled variegated contour* static | Linear perspective is a mathematical system used to show | the ratio of horizontal and vertical lines recession in space* ideal length of picture plan distance to stand away from painting | When the figure and ground are about equal in area an artist can create a _____, in which either color can be interpreted as lying on top of the other. | grounding digures figure-ground dispersal figure-ground reversal* figures on grounds | The shapes in Helen Frankenthaler's painting Mauve District are called hard-edged because | she used a ruler boundaries are clearly distinguished* represent brick walls colors look like steel | When a visual effect is so realistic it fools our perception it is called | trompe l'oeil* stylization non-objective vantage point | True or False. The Futurists were most interested in capturing a single moment in time in a static image | False | True or False. Colors that are described as warm have the optical effect of receding in space | True | Michael Heizer's City Complex I, which has an enduring, monumental effect, is an example of a __________ sculpture. | void dynamic two-dimensional static* | Rhythm can be achieved by using | shape or form color line all of the above* | The golden rectangle is a way of establishing the | ideal proportion of space* focal point of religious building size of picture frame to painting relative size of building to outside enviornment | The chest from the Haida culture is an example of symmety because | it uses organic forms it has major figure right int he middle it uses a lot of vertical lines the left side and the right side are identical* | True or False. Rhythm in art can be compared with rhythm in music | True | In Essence Mulberry, Helen Frankenthaler's use of gray paint the same color as the ground creates a | disharmony local color transition* incoherence | The use of multiple triangles by Lucy Pettway in her artwork Birds in the Air exemplifies the organizing principle of | conceptual art anonymity repetition* political content | The ___________ was (were) critical to Frank Gehry in designing the Guggenheim Bilbao Museum | environmental setting* materials of structure open spaces of city all of the above | True or False. In the rock garden of Ryoan-ji Temple (fig. 3-42) the relationship of sand to rocks and rock to rock formed out of meditation on the universe, not on adherence to a human system | True | Instead of using mathematical devices to unify the image in The Boating Party, Pierre-Auguste Renoir employed | color and the objects in the scene to link groups of people* linear perspective to organize the space vertical and horizontal lines to form a grid high realism to clarify the forms | In Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper, Christ is the most important figure, and his place in the composition is as the | center of gravity horizon line focal point* keystone | A way of using the principle of variety so that two dissimilar things are compared is commonly called | coherence contrast* disorientation chiaroscuro | If an artist is drawing the human figure in proportion | arms and legs must be visible drawing must be of real person head is most important part each body part should be relative size* | Because __________ there is visual tension created in Nancy Graves' work Trace. | it uses too many colors intentionally unbalanced* curved lines and straight lines in same work use of bronze and steel catches light | True or False. Variety is expressed through transitions which are defined as rapid changes from one state to another. | False | True or False. All works of art have a focal point | False | The use of multiple similar torsos by Magdalena Abakanowicz in her piece Backs is an example of the organizing principle of | conceptual art anonymity repetition* political content | Balance is a principle of design based on the | visual weight on assigns to parts of work* ratio of height of a picture to width scale of sculpture number of colors used in image | Repetition can be used in decorative works to create an all-over | interpretive value spectrum pattern* perspective | Jose Orozco used repetition in his painting "Zapatistas" to give the sense of | beats in single movement unified whole mass of figures, moving forward all of the above* | The implied triangle is a common formula for unifying compositional lines because it is | equilateral shape made by Christ on cross highly stable shape* easy for artists to draw | During its history in China, brush and ink painting was | considered spiritually expressive* commercial enterprise, painting on commission hidden from the emperor none of the above | True or False. There are special crayons made of grease for use in lithographic printing. | True | Conte crayon is | produced in range of pastel colors versatile and used for softness or sharp lines* difficult to sharpen greasy and gives shine to work | Pen and ink is essentially a __________ medium. | color tone line shade* | Of the tools for drawing that are classified as "dry" the most commonly used is | graphite pencil* pen and ink pastel charcoal | The subtle value gradations Leonardo da Vinci created with chalk in "The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and John the Baptist" are called | sfumato* hatching local color chiaroscuro | Leonardo da Vinci's "The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and John the Baptist" is a full-sized chalk drawing done as a model for a painting. This work is, thus, called a | presentation drawing sketch cartoon* illustration | True or False. Charcoal can only be used in quick, sketchy manner | False | The use of silverpoint for drawing diminished because | artists began using graphite pencils* silver holder hurt the hands of artist silver turned dark when exposed to air it couldn't be used to show shadows/textures | True or False. The best artist's papers are made with rags. | True | Pen and ink drawings like Picasso's "Three Female Nudes Dancing" are difficult to execute because | point of pen may catch in paper and splatter ink* it's difficult to control the pen width of lines the pen produces are unpredictable there is no variation to pen points | In his drawing "Fish Skeletons" Hyman Bloom reverses the usual technique for pen and ink by | showing only contour lines using alot of hatching to create shading using white ink on dark paper* creating spatial values | Artist's often use graphite pencils for drawing | b/c they have lead in them b/c they can get different effects due to many grades of hardness* when they run out of pen and ink if they ware working outdoors | Kathe Kollwitz's "Self-Portrait with a Pencil" shows that charcoal is often used because | can be used for fie, delicate lines smudges easily allows artist's to exploit effects in toning image* artist's like broad range of colors it comes in it never comes off the paper | The word "pastel" is usually associated with ________ tones. | dark and smoky pale* brilliant jewel-like primary color | The fresh transparent effect in Winslow Homer's The Gulf Stream is typical of | oil tempera watercolor* encaustic | Vermeer's painting Girl with a Pearl Earring is a good example of the use of | Encaustic oil* watercolor tempera | True or False. Collage was introduced as an art form in the early twentieth century | True | Frank demonstrates how Chuck Close creates monumental photorealistic human heads with flawless gradations in value by using | finely sharpened graphite penciles acrylic paint applied with airbrush* oil paint tempera, to get matte finish | True or False. Drawing and painting are two separate things, with no similarities between them. | False | In early tempera paintings that used gold leaf, the gold was applied | over a surface of red gilder's clay, then burnished* directly to sticky surface of animal glue top of gold paint only on frame, never on painting | For his painting "Portrait of a Young Man," Bronzino prepared many drawings, using the __________ method. | professional direct impasto indirect* | Typical of __________ is the medium's liquid transparent airiness as seen in Joseph Mallord William Turner's. | oil tempera watercolor* encaustic | One of the main properties of tempera paint is | looks very glossy b/c of egg yolk base colors can be blended well on surface dries quickly to matte finish* does not require much preparation | The Young Woman with a Gold Pectoral is an example of the early method of painting known as __________ in which pigment is suspended in hot wax. | photorealism encaustic* spectrum of color airbrushing | Marc Chagall's The Crow Who Wanted to be an Eagle uses the __________ medium. | oil buon fresco tempera gouache* | True or False. Encaustic must always be kept cool while it is being applied. | False | For his huge murals of Mexican political history, Diego Rivera __________. | designed the entire scene did mural during the summer worked in short burst's of activity sketched directly onto the wall with red chalk* | Some nonobjective painters of the twentieth century worked on unsized canvas | so they could cut it to whatever size they wanted b/c they wanted to mold into different shapes so paint would be absorbed right into canvas* when they were passed for time and could not size | Mosaic is (are) __________ whose subtle effects can be viewed in The Battle of Issus. | only seen in secular works from antiquity today done by single master who works alone ancient technique of embedding small tiles* both A and B | The edition of The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer published by William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones is a good example of __________. | harmony of design* quality of modern machine printing mass-produced book illustration all of the above | The art of designing letter forms is called | typewriting lettering typography* posting | In 1525, Albrecht Durer published an influential book about _____. | designing advertisements using geometry for designing letters correct pens to use for letting spelling | A good graphic design will _______. | consider taste and interest of public elicit certain feelings toward a product lure the public into wanting to know more all of the above* | Paul Rand, who designed the IBM logo, believed that corporate logos should _____. | consist of simple, universal, & timeless shapes* include image of company president spell out whole name of company stay fresh by using images that change public | The image by Alberto Seveso used for the cover of a magazine about computer arts includes elements suggesting the ___________, | gender of computer artist limitations of digital medium unraveled strands of comp circuitry* wasteful use of electricity | Although graphic design is for commercial purposes, some designs, like Toulouse-Lautrec's poster, have been treated like __________. | packing material fine art* wallpaper drawing paper | Graphic designers are people who | design two-dimensional images for commercial convey information to public use words and imagery together all of the above* | Typefaces are often chosen according to the _____ messages they convey. | economical economical and psychological psychological* all of the above | True or False. Toulouse-Lautrec used color lithography for his poster in order to create a one-of-a-kind portrait of his client. | False | True or False. In 1976, Peter Good designed the "I Love New York" slogan of a red heart between black, block letters that was designed to promote tourism to the city. | False | For The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones created a special Gothic __________ | book cover kind of paper story line typeface* | The packaging designed by Mihoko Hachiuma for Soleil foods __________. | was chosen by a public contest uses the woodcut technique for printing labels gives an elegant handmade look* all of the above | The typeface serif ____. | gives elegant, calligraphic flourishes leads our eye through a word originally based on Roman alphabet all of the above* | The advertisement for the Chicago Spire shown in Wallpaper Magazine relies on __________ | typeface of logo sparse illustration* specific words used to describe clothing celebrity shows in ad | At the end of the nineteenth century the ____________ movement sought to make photographs look like paintings. | pictorialist* photogenic reverie posterity | The photographs of Ansel Adams have played a major role in | landscape paintings locating parcels of land for commercial land conservation efforts* pictorialist photograpjy | The filmmaker Satyajit Ray is well known for _____. | disaster films that tell story of India animated films documentaries films that capture lives of ordinary people* | The computer-generated images used in realistic movies to show things like alien invasions, explosions, or tornadoes are called | special effects* imitations of life rashomon effects cinematography | The purpose of Dante Gabriel Rossetti's photograph of Jane Morris was to | serve a study of drawing* illustrate posture to anatomy create formal photographic portrait experiment with flash photography | One problem with the daguerreotype is _____. | colors are not true to life lengthy time needed for exposures* images are neither precise nor accurate does not work in sunlight | This film uses 4 separate and conflicting points of view to make a statement about truth. | Ttriumph of the Will
Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
Rashomon*
Amelie | In a film, the splicing together of a variety of shots at the editing stage is called a | flashback zoetrope avant-garde montage* | Dorothea Lange's photograph Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California, is an example of _____________ photography. | essential cropped perspective documentary* | In the 1920s __________ formed the "straight photography" movement | Elizabeth Sunday
Alfred Stieglitz
Edward Weston*
Olivia Parker | From the time of the Renaissance, some artists used a camera obscura, which was a _____. | hidden camera mechanical drawing device device for keeping unwanted light dark room/box that used light to show images* | True or False. Digital imaging can build up lushly detailed works; simultaneously, it can delete details so that the focus falls upon a single object. | True | The word photography is Greek for _____. | "light in a box"
"writing with light"*
"pictures without words"
"images on paper" | When a single scene in a film continues for several minutes with no break it is called | deep focus shot extended take* illusion montage | True or False. The camera can capture only as much as the human eye can perceive. | |