Investigation Into How the Concentration of a Reactant Can Affect the Rate of Reaction
Investigation into How the Concentration of a Reactant Can Affect the Rate of Reaction
Aim
To plan an investigation that allows me to measure the effect of increasing the concentration of a reactant on the rate of reaction. With the results generated, it is also hoped to draw accurate conclusions and explain the results using scientific knowledge.
Introduction
Some reactions are fast, for example neutralisation or burning magnesium in air to produce magnesium oxide. However, other reactions can be slow, for example, rusting of iron or souring of milk. The speed at which a reaction takes place is called its rate of reaction. Reactions can happen at different speeds, but the speed of a chemical reaction can be altered by changing certain controlling factors, these factors include: 1. Temperature 2. Surface Area 3. Concentration 4. Catalyst 5. Light
To understand how these controlling factors can alter the rate of a chemical reaction, it is firstly important to understand how a chemical reaction takes place. To understand how reactions take place, we use the collision theory.
Collision Theory
The collision theory states that for a reaction to take place between reacting particles (ions, molecules or atoms), it is essential that they collide.
B
A
B
A
The collision theory goes further to state that for a reaction to take place, there must be sufficient energy in the collision. If there isn’t sufficient energy, the colliding particles simply bounce off each other.
Compound A-B formed when the collision has sufficient energy.
Atom B
Atom A
When two particles collide with sufficient energy and the product is formed, the collision is said to be an effective collision.
The minimum energy in a collision that is needed to bring about a chemical reaction (effective collision) is known as the Activation Energy.
Controlling Factors for Rates of Reactions 1. Temperature
In a chemical reaction when the temperature
Aim
To plan an investigation that allows me to measure the effect of increasing the concentration of a reactant on the rate of reaction. With the results generated, it is also hoped to draw accurate conclusions and explain the results using scientific knowledge.
Introduction
Some reactions are fast, for example neutralisation or burning magnesium in air to produce magnesium oxide. However, other reactions can be slow, for example, rusting of iron or souring of milk. The speed at which a reaction takes place is called its rate of reaction. Reactions can happen at different speeds, but the speed of a chemical reaction can be altered by changing certain controlling factors, these factors include: 1. Temperature 2. Surface Area 3. Concentration 4. Catalyst 5. Light
To understand how these controlling factors can alter the rate of a chemical reaction, it is firstly important to understand how a chemical reaction takes place. To understand how reactions take place, we use the collision theory.
Collision Theory
The collision theory states that for a reaction to take place between reacting particles (ions, molecules or atoms), it is essential that they collide.
B
A
B
A
The collision theory goes further to state that for a reaction to take place, there must be sufficient energy in the collision. If there isn’t sufficient energy, the colliding particles simply bounce off each other.
Compound A-B formed when the collision has sufficient energy.
Atom B
Atom A
When two particles collide with sufficient energy and the product is formed, the collision is said to be an effective collision.
The minimum energy in a collision that is needed to bring about a chemical reaction (effective collision) is known as the Activation Energy.
Controlling Factors for Rates of Reactions 1. Temperature
In a chemical reaction when the temperature