IP Addressing Tutor

_____________________________________________________________

Application Note

_____________________________________________________________

IP Addressing
A Simplified Tutorial
July 2002
COMPAS ID 92962

Avaya Labs

1

All information in this document is subject to change without notice.
Although the information is believed to be accurate, it is provided without guarantee of complete accuracy and without warranty of any kind. It is the user’s responsibility to verify and test all information in this document.
Avaya shall not be liable for any adverse outcomes resulting from the application of this document; the user must take full responsibility.

2

Companion document
• LANs and VLANs: A Simplified Tutorial

http://www1.avaya.com/enterprise/whitepapers/vlan-tutorial.pdf

3

Introduction
The purpose of this tutorial is to give the newcomer to data networking a basic understanding of IP addressing. The following topics are covered.
–
–
–
–
–
–

IP addressing fundamentals
Classful IP addressing
Subnet masks
Variable length subnet masks (VLSM)
Classless inter-domain routing (CIDR)
Routing and routing protocols

4

IP Addressing Fundamentals

5

OSI and TCP/IP
OSI Reference
Model
7 – Application
6 – Presentation
5 – Session
4 – Transport
3 – Network
2 – Data Link
1 – Physical

TCP/IP

Terms used in this tutorial

Application
Host – to – Host
(TCP/UDP)
Internet (IP)
Network Interface

TCP port, UDP port
IP address
MAC address

• This table is presented for reference purposes.
– The first column shows the 7-layer OSI Reference Model, which is a model used to design protocols that make networking possible.
– The second column shows the TCP/IP protocol stack in reference to the OSI model. TCP/IP is the prevalent protocol stack for data networking.
– The third column shows that an IP address is a layer 3 (L3) address, as well as its relationship to the MAC address and TCP/UDP port,