Organization: This happened when the Iraqi government started the an-Anfal campaign against the Kurds.
Polarization: This happens when the an-Anfal campaign begins making laws against the Kurds and the separation between the two groups gets serious.
Preparation: This happened when Iraqi Security forces transferred the Kurds to concentration camps and destroyed their villages.
Extermination: The adult males and teenage boys were removed from the camp and gassed to death while the women, children, and elderly were left in the camps to starve and fight diseases.
Denial: This is when the perpetrators, the an-Anfal campaign and the Iraqi government, try to hide what they have done and all the people they have killed.
Kurdistan was located in an area rich with oil. It is because of this that Kurds were first ordered to move from their homes by the Iraqi government and were replaced by Arab farmers. Some Kurds were able to escape to Turkey, but many were forced to live in Southern Iraq.
Classifications were Arabs and Kurds, where Kurds were considered the lesser of the two.
Symbolization the Kurdistan region (which was in Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria) are known as Kurds. Kurds had established their own culture which included a different language and different traditional Kurdish clothing. And if it still wasn’t clear whether or not they were a Kurd, they carried identification cards with them.
Dehumanization the Kurds were forced to leave their homes in northern Iraq and move to less fertile areas in the south.
Polarization Saddam Hussein claimed that the Kurds were saboteurs because they had sided with Iran during the Iran-Iraq wars. In 1993 he stated that the Kurdish men had "betrayed the country and they betrayed