islam and communism

ISLAM and COMMUNISM by Stephen Suleyman Schwartz
2009

Muhammad Ibn 'Abd El-Krim El-Khattabi, leader of the Rif Berbers

www.islamicpluralism.eu

2009

C IP

Centre for Islamic Pluralism

ISLAM AND COMMUNISM
IN THE 20th CENTURY
An Historical Survey by Stephen Suleyman Schwartz

Center for Islamic Pluralism
Washington * London * Köln * Sarajevo www.islamicpluralism.org www.islamicpluralism.eu www.islamicpluralism.de 1718 M Street NW #260
Washington, DC 20036 USA and BM 2394, London, WC1N 3XX, UK

Islam and Communism in the 20th Century
An Historical Survey by Stephen Suleyman Schwartz

Published in the USA in 2009 by the Center for Islamic Pluralism
1718 M Street NW #260
Washington, DC 20036 USA and BM 2394, London, WC1N 3XX
First English edition June 2009
An abbreviated version of this paper was originally published in German as
“Kommunismus und Islam im 20. Jahrhundert:
Ein Historischer Überblick,” in Jahrbuch für Historische Kommunismus-Forschung 2009, Aufbau, Berlin
Design: Asim Mesihi

www.islamicpluralism.org www.islamicpluralism.eu www.islamicpluramism.de

ISBN 978-0-9558779-3-3
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data.
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Cover photograph:
Muhammad Ibn 'Abd El-Krim El-Khattabi, leader of the Rif Berbers

CIP

Islam and Communism in the 20th Century

The present study is mainly concerned with relations between international Communism and the Islamic umma, or global community, rather than Moscow’s policies toward

Cited: in Schwartz, Stephen, Kosova: Background to a War, London, Anthem Press, 2000, p. movement, and the KPJ, Banac, Ivo, The National Question in Yugoslavia, Ithaca, Cornell U.P., 1988, the from the Russian Archives), Tirana, Botimet Toena, 2006 Communism and Islam in Albania and Kosova, 19411999: From the Partisan Movement of the Second World War to the Kosova Liberation War,” in The 26 Banac, Ivo, With Stalin Against Tito, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1988, p Islam and Communism in the 20th Century —An Historical Summary Journal of Croatian Studies (New York), 1992; published in Croatian as “Ante Ciliga (1898-1992): Život no povijesnim raskrižjima,” in Društvena Istraživanja (Zagreb), number 2-3, 1995. The English version is accessible at www.revolutionary-history.co.uk/[reviewed 28 Borkenau, Franz, The Communist International, London, Faber & Faber, 1938, pp Ian Birchall, London, Redwords, 2000. p. 34. 34 Porter, Cathy, Larissa Reisner, London, Virago, 1988, p Joseph Barnes, New York, Dutton, 1970. 39 Kolarz, Walter, Russia and Her Colonies, New York, Praeger, 1952, p of Antizionism in the German Communist Party (KPD) in the Weimar Republic, 1925-1933,” published by the 42 Messali Hadj, “Response to M. Deloche of l’Humanité” (1937), in Messali Hadj par les textes, ed. Jacques Simon. Algiers-Paris, Editions Bouchéne, 2000, tr 43 See Sánchez Ruano, Francisco, Islam y Guerra Civil Española, Madrid, La Esfera de los Libros, 2004 Brigadas Internacionales (España, 1936-39),” Revista internacional de sociología [Madrid], OctoberDecember 1988.