The Rise of Islam The land of Arabia and its inhabitants have been nomadic out of necessity, living on the produce of their camels and sheep. The majority of the ancient Arabs were, therefore, pastoralists who were constantly on the move in search of grass and water for their herds and flocks. Judging by the evidence furnished by the pre‑Islamic poets, polemical passages in the Qur 'an and the later Islamic literature, idolatry based on polytheism prevailed throughout ancient Arabia. The deities of heathen Arabia were represented by idols, sacred stones, and other objects of worship. At the period in which we are dealing, the Arabs sacrificed camels, sheep and goats. The temples of the heathen Arabs were not only places of worship, but also places of pilgrimage. They assembled there periodically at certain times of the year, when these assemblies assumed the character of fairs and festivals. An important sanctuary of this kind was located in Mecca, a town in western Arabia. The sanctuary consisted of a simple stone structure of a cube‑like appearance, which was called the Ka 'bah by the Arabs. Inside the Ka 'bah was the statue of the god, Hubal. At its feet, there was a small pit in which
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