Islamic Neighborhood

Definition of neighbor from the Islamic perspective Neighbor is translated as “al Jar” in Arabic terminology. It is derived from the word “jawara” which is a verb. Literally, “al-jar” has been defined as “al-musakanah” which means living, residing, lodging, dwelling or inhabiting side by side. Indirectly, it also refers to believers and unbelievers, religious and irreligious, friends and enemies, foreigners and fellow countrymen, those who treat you well and those who would do you harm relatives and strangers, those whose houses are near yours as well as those who are further away.
Another meaning given to “al-jar” is ‘al-mulasaqah” which has been translated as sticking, holding fast, adhering to as in the case of a building or a tract of land. It can also be translated as adjoining or touching. Basically, the definition of “al-mulasaqah” conveys the concept of the three way relationship (Total Planning Doctrine, JPBD) and furthermore broadens the concept of neighbor which is believed to be more appropriate in current situation.
In addition, it was stated in Faruqi’s Law Dictionary that “al-mulasiq “is juxtaposition while “mulasiq al-jar” is an abutter. It is understood that “al-mulasiq” can be Almighty who is close to us and the environment in which we live. Meanwhile, “mulasiq al-jar” refers to a person who resides or dwells near to another person. He or she can be either a partner in residence or a partner in land possession or a spouse. According to Islamic scholar, Al-Shafi’i, every person who is physically close to another person is called a neighbor. However, the common opinion is that a neighbor is a person whose house is located near to another’s house. That person is considered as neighbor to another and vice versa. The technical meaning of “al-jar” is the same as the literal meaning. It is the closeness or proximity of residence.
In the fourth chapter of the Qur’an, entitled Nisa (Women) God commands us to Serve God, and join not any partners