Habeck says this belief is rejected by moderate Muslims, who stress the view of jihad as an individual, internal struggle. These moderates, according to Habeck, are the heirs to Islamic jurisprudence that used the Qur'an, hadith, and life of Muhammad to determine the Islamically correct way to conduct war. Centuries before Western nations codified international laws of war, Islamic law a thousand years ago was, in effect, beginning a process of distinguishing between military targets and civilians, protecting the rights of prisoners of war, and thinking about shielding the environment from the effects of war. Muslim nations were also signatories to the various international conventions on warfare during the 20th century, she writes, and the vast majority of Muslims today accept modern norms of behavior in wartime. The jihadists, by contrast, are conducting a continuous offensive to conquer territories either with large Muslim populations or that have been under an Islamic state at any point in history. For the extremists there is a total failure to distinguish between history and the pr esent.”(what terrorists…