Government is the essential authority of a country or state, which directly affects society because it provides key securities. How directly involved should the government be in the personal lives of society? To answer this I will look to the ideas of Lao-tzu (sixth century B.C.), believed to be author of the Tao-te Ching, and Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527), author of The Prince There are few ways in which they are similar, but have very opposite views and ideas of government.…
In Second Treatise, Locke states that the world is given “to mankind in common” by God, yet his argument is for the right of private property with the justifications of: the property must be designated for the property to be useful, those who labor for the property own it through their labor, and any man can take as much property as he wants as long as the property is used and not spoiled.…
The Founding Document means the constitution, will or other written instrument in terms of which an organisation is established and governed. Citizenship is the status of being a citizen. If you have citizenship in a country, you have the right to live there, work, vote, and pay taxes.…
John Locke was born on August 29th, 1632 in England and lived to became one of the most influential people in England and, perhaps, one of the most influential people of the 17th century. Before his death on October 28th, 1704 he would earn the title as the Father of liberal philosophy. His ideas would also be used as a keystone for the revolution of the North American colonies from England. Locke fled to Holland in 1683. He returned to England in about 1688 when William and Mary were to retake the reign of England in what historians call the "Bloodless Revolution". Locke returned to Oates in Essex where he retired. He lived there until his death in 1704.…
The year of 1689 was a year of change. With the beginning of the Glorious Revolution starting just a year preceding, and King James II being overthrown, the time was prime for John Locke to speak out. John Locke wrote the book Two Treatises of Government and A Letter Concerning Toleration as written proof of his personal opinion. He speaks out to the reader precisely about his feelings and why he is argumentative against others views. Locke’s purpose in writing this book was to not only attack Sir Robert Filmer’s “Patriarcha (Locke Page 7)” in the First Treatise, but to speak out to the community about what they do not know in the Second Treatise.…
John Locke was a political figure and well known for his studies in medicine. Locke also was well educated in medicine. He was a key advocate of the observed approaches of the Scientific Revolution. During his final years John Locke wrote and published all of his most significant works. One of them was his “Essay Concerning Human Understanding” in which he advanced a theory of the self as a blank page, with knowledge and identity arising only from accumulated experiences. Locke made a perfect example: “Rejecting the divine right of kings, that societies form governments by mutual (and, in later generations, tacit) agreement. Thus, when a king loses the consent of the governed, a society may remove him—an approach quoted almost verbatim in Thomas Jefferson’s 1776 Declaration of Independence.” In the end Locke came up with a final answer from all of his studies that explained his work. Locke said “A child is a blank slate that is formed through experience.”2…
Philosopher John Locke once wrote that, “No man ...has a power to hand over their preservation...to the absolute will and arbitrary dominion of someone else”. He meant that the inviolable rights of a people are greater than the demands of a government and his words ring true today. In the modern era people can fight “arbitrary dominion” through democratic election, vocal condemnation, and most controversially civil disobedience. The practice of deliberate defiance has netted much criticism for its seeming disregard for a country’s rule of law. Yet, a free society is one in which people have the power to exercise their rights, and in choosing not to follow unjust laws, they only strengthen a country's institutions.…
The founding principles on which the United States were established belong to the ongoing human quest for political and religious liberty. That quest has been the central theme of Western civilization. When the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth in 1620, they were seeking religious freedom. When the American Revolution was fought, it was fought for political freedom. The American Revolution is inconceivable in the absence of the context of ideas, which have constituted Christianity, such as Martin Luther's 95 theses, John Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion, as well as the social theory from the Puritan Revolution. The leaders of the Revolution in every colony were imbued with the precepts of the Reformed faith.…
John Locke was best known as an advocate of empiricism and for his belief of tabula rasa, or the blank slate. In this way his beliefs were similar to those of the behaviorist school of thought. Locke is known as the father of English Empiricism. Empiricism believes that everyone is born with a blank slate that we fill as we experience life. The knowledge that we gain throughout life is due to our experiences, not through reasoning or thought. Locke believed that there is only the capacity to have ideas in the mind, not to be born with them. He states that all knowledge of the world comes from the experience we have within it, through our perceptions and senses. According the empiricism, every thought that we have is influenced by an experience that we have had. Essentially, according to Locke’s view and empiricism, the only way to know the truth about something is to actually experience it through our senses.…
Locke presents several key ideas in his Treatise; his notions on the origins of property, usurpations, tyranny, and the dissolution of government provide the key arguments for this work. The chronologically first, Of Property, discusses Locke’s theories on the origins of property. He claims that in nature, what makes something the property of one man as opposed to all mankind is the labor he puts into it. He has right to all he can use without letting withered, and should he chose; he may barter what is left for something that will not perish. Locke believes this to be the origin of money.…
His theory of government by the consent of the governed as a means to protect"Life, liberty and estate" deeply influenced the United States' founding documents. His political theory of government by the consent of the governed as a means to protect "Life, liberty and estate" deeply influenced the United States' founding documents. Between 1652 and 1667, John Locke was a student and then lecturer at Christ Church, Oxford, where he focused on the standard curriculum of logic, metaphysics and classics. In 1666 Locke met the parliamentarian Anthony Ashley Cooper, later the first Earl of Shaftesbury. The two struck up a friendship that blossomed into full patronage, and a year later Locke was appointed physician to Shaftesbury's household. For the next two…
John Locke, an Englishman who lived from 1632 to 1704, promoted some of the most influential ideas of the Enlightenment. He pioneered the idea that humans are naturally good, and are corrupted by society or government to becoming deviant. Locke described this idea in hisAn Essay Concerning Human Understanding as the tabula rasa, a Latin phrase meaning blank slate. The idea was not original to him, however. In fact, Locke directly took the idea from a Muslim philosopher from the 1100s, Ibn Tufail. In Ibn Tufails book,Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, he describes an identical idea about how humans act as a blank slate, absorbing experiences and information from their surroundings. The same idea manifests itself in the life of Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him). He stated that No child is born except on the fitra. Fitra here can be defined as the natural, pure state of a person. According to Islamic thought, all humans are born in a natural state of purity, with belief in one God, and that as they grow older, they adopt the ideas and beliefs of the people around them, particularly their parents. This is the intellectual forerunner of the tabula rasa that Locke learned from Ibn Tufail. Hb(k/LT02goUXVTUsUyTUVFUP…
Government- is the institution through which the state maintain social order, provides public services , and enforces decisions that are binding on all people living within the state.…
Hobbes' Leviathan and Locke's Second Treatise of Government comprise critical works in the lexicon of political science theory. Both works expound on the origins and purpose of civil society and government. Hobbes' and Locke's writings center on the definition of the "state of nature" and the best means by which a society develops a systemic format from this beginning. The authors hold opposing views as to how man fits into the state of nature and the means by which a government should be formed and what type of government constitutes the best. This difference arises from different conceptions about human nature and "the state of nature", a condition in which the human race finds itself prior to uniting into civil society. Hobbes' Leviathan goes on to propose a system of power that rests with an absolute or omnipotent sovereign, while Locke, in his Treatise, provides for a government responsible to its citizenry with limitations on the ruler's powers. The understanding of the state of nature is essential to both theorists' discussions. For Hobbes, the state of nature is equivalent to a state of war. Locke's description of the state of nature is more complex: initially the state of nature is one of "peace, goodwill, mutual assistance and preservation". Transgressions against the law of nature, or reason which "teaches mankind that all being equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty and possessions," are but few. The state of nature, according to Locke's Treatise, consists of the society of man, distinct from political society, live together without any superior authority to restrict and judge their actions. It is when man begins to acquire property that the state of nature becomes somewhat less peaceful. At an undetermined point in the history of man, a people, while still in the state of nature, allowed one person to become their leader and judge over controversies. This was first the patriarch of a…
application of experimental analysis to ethics, politics, and religion, he remains one of the most important and controversial philosophers of all time. His ideas and writings lived way beyond his time, and have proven to be the reason the colonies broke away from their mother country and learned to expect certain rights from their government.…