Measurement is the process or the result of determining the ratio of a physical quantity, such as a length, time, temperature etc., to a unit of measurement, such as the meter, second or degree Celsius. The science of measurement is called metrology.
The English word measurement originates from the Latin mēnsūra and the verb metiri through the Middle French mesure.
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement
Measurement Quantities
*Basic Fundamental Quantity name/s | (Common) Quantity symbol/s | SI unit name | SI unit symbol | Dimension symbol | Length, width, height, depth | a, b, c, d, h, l, r, s, w, x, y, z | metre | m | [L] | Time | t | second | s | [T] | Mass | m | kilogram | kg | [M] | Temperature | T, θ | kelvin | K | [Θ] | Amount of substance, number of moles | n | mole | mol | [N] | Electric current | i, I | ampere | A | [I] | Luminous intensity | Iv | candela | Cd | [J] | Plane angle | α, β, γ, θ, φ, χ | radian | rad | dimensionless | Solid angle | ω, Ω | steradian | sr | dimensionless |
Derived Quantities
Space
(Common) Quantity name/s | (Common) Quantity symbol | SI unit | Dimension | (Spatial) position (vector) | r, R, a, d | m | [L] | Angular position, angle of rotation (can be treated as vector or scalar) | θ, θ | rad | dimensionless | Area, cross-section | A, S, Ω | m2 | [L]2 | Vector area (Magnitude of surface area, directed normal totangential plane of surface) | | m2 | [L]2 | Volume | τ, V | m3 | [L]3 |
Quantity | Typical symbols | Definition | Meaning, usage | Dimension | Quantity | q | q | Amount of a property | [q] | Rate of change of quantity, Time derivative | | | Rate of change of property with respect to time | [q] [T]−1 | Quantity spatial density | ρ = volume density (n = 3), σ = surface density (n = 2), λ = linear density (n = 1)No common symbol for n-space density, here ρn is used. | | Amount of property per unit n-space(length, area, volume or