OUR knowledge is derived from two fundamental sources of the consciousness. The first is the faculty of receptivity
OUR knowledge is derived from two fundamental sources of the consciousness. The first is the faculty of receptivity
At some point in our lives we all ask the same generalized questions; whether it be out loud, or mentally. As a returning student one of the common topics is the brain. How do the different parts work? How do we learn? Why do I learn differently than you? I have yet to find all of the answers, but thankfully, Gardner has broken down the seven intelligences within the brain that can stimulate and support different ways we, as humans, accept and retain the knowledge we come into contact with daily.…
There is an old saying that it is better to be lucky than good. This may be true if a person is always lucky, but luck sometimes has a tendency to run out. Making decisions that affect other people’s lives based on luck can be sometimes dangerous, and usually ethically questionable. Leaders who routinely depend on luck for success may find themselves relying on other questionable actions, such as lying, cheating, or stealing, to ensure luck stays on their side. Additionally, this type of behavior may force subordinates to make ethically questionable decisions when luck begins to run out.…
3) If we can’t be certain that what we sense is real, we can’t acquire knowledge through sense experience.…
On the four deontological systems that we have discussed, I would like to share my thoughts about the Kantian Deontological System. Kantian Ethics is formulated by Immanuel Kant in which he discussed that the nature of duty is based on human reason. For him, human reason, not human nature, can determine what is right and wrong. He also stressed that human desires are not the right measurement for ethics. In addition, Kantian Ethics is known for its two kinds of command or imperative: the hypothetical and categorical imperative. According to Immanuel Kant, hypothetical imperative has conditions and has no value. We do a certain action or decision because we are waiting for something in return or because we are afraid of punishment. On the other…
Immanuel Kant’s essays Critique of Pure Reason and Critique of Practical Reason led to his critique Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone.…
From the way that Kant has been interpreted as a constructivist under the standard model, as Wood’s revealed, one can remark three points about this approach: Overemphasizing on the Formula of Universal Law (FUL), Conception of Value, Conception of Autonomy.…
In the world today, there is hardly a patch of land that has not been explored, examined, and put into the archives of human knowledge. There is one place however, that continues to be a clouded region of mystery even in the eyes of experts, this place being the human mind. Although countless experiments, studies, and examinations of the mind have been conducted, and humans may have made enormous advancements in knowledge of the mind, there continues to be a cloak of shadows in the way, concealing some of the brains most hidden secrets. This becomes even more mystifying when considering how unique each individual person is, in other words, each human mind contains secrets that no other human possesses. It is enchanting to think about the knowledge one could gain simply by being able to peer into the mind of another with the ability to comprehend their thoughts, memories, and subconscious. When speaking of the human mind, however, it may not be as light-hearted as one may think. All people have the…
In order to discover what is moral or not, Kant believes that categorical imperative gives reasoning for any sort of action. In order to do so, one must think about the fundamental rule that goes in hand with what the person plans to fulfill in the first place. If a certain act can be applied to others and puts them in that exact situation, then it is moral. One concept of categorical imperative is known as “The Principle of Ends.” This theory describes individuals as worthy and valuable, depicting them as something worth more than a mere object. This pairs with the saying “treat others as you would like to be treated.” On a general status, I believe that this should be the correct thing to do. Concerning Kant, I disagree with his argument…
Metaphysics itself takes on characteristics of dogma, while its dogmatic use without critique lands us in groundless assertions, to which other assertions, equally plausible, can always be opposed, and hence is skepticism. By virtue of the above statements grounded in their procedure, and by the examples noted, defined, and categorized according to Kant himself skepticism becomes self-refuting. However, this is only the case, according to Kant’s definitions if metaphysics is looked upon as dogmatic. The bigger problem is that metaphysics as a science cannot deal with objects of reason, but of reason itself imposed upon it by its own…
processes can be equally complex and wondrous. The human ability to reflect, to understand and…
Onora O'Neill presents to us the argument of Kantian's Principle of Humanity and how it gives us an obligation to donate to aid agencies. Kant's Principle of Humanity is stated as an "Act that you use humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means". The first key argument that O'Neill presents is that duties of justice must be fulfilled because if they aren't people have been used as mere means. O'Neill interprets this in the way that we shouldn't treat people in ways that reflect a maxim they could not in principle rationally consent to. This means that you should treat people with respect in regards to their autonomy and shouldn't use people as a way to reach a maxim.…
I believe that Immanuel Kant would see Carter Druse's action of shooting his father as moral. Kant was an ethicist that believed that morality was based on duty, that ethics is absolute, not conditional, and is based on reason, not feelings. (Pojman, Vaughn 309)…
When I first read the essay by Immanel Kant, "What is Enlightenment?" I thought that Enlightenment meant becoming aware of things you were otherwise in the dark about. But, after reading Kant’s article a few times, I saw that he views enlightenment as "Man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity”. Kant discusses the nature of Enlightenment and how it can be taken to the overall public, he also says in his essay that “Enlightenment is man’s release from his self-incurred tutelage.”…
Kant’s argument that an act out of duty can not be in conflict with itself or with any other will acting out of duty derives from the concept he puts forth of the internal principle. A will cannot conflict itself if it determines itself a priori. By determining its morals before the benefit of experience, it determines itself simply that it exists as it is. Intuitively, anything pure cannot conflict with itself just as the idea of good cannot conflict with itself and be somehow partly bad (437). Thus by simply being, without any other influence determining it, the will is an end in itself (437). A will acting out of duty, or in other words on its own internal principles, can not conflict with another will simply because it does not depend on the other will. In order to conflict, something must first interact. And if two wills are acting in accordance with duty, then they each recognize each other as an end in itself, and therefore do not interact on the level of morality (438). Just as a self-sufficient village with no roads leading to or from can not conflict with another village simply because it needs not and cannot interact, a self-sufficient will, and therefore determined with no external influence, can also not conflict with anther will acting out of duty. Though if something is not self-sufficient, it requires another object to fulfill its ends. As with the village, if it needs to conquer a neighboring village’s farmland in order to feed itself, conflict arises. Similarly, should a will not be determined a priori, but instead based on external circumstances, then a will must use another will to fulfill its needs, and therefore would conflict with the autonomy of the second…
Kant published the Critique of Pure Reason in 1781. Kant’s goal was to determine the limits of pure reason which means that he wants to know what reason alone can determine without the help of the senses or any other faculties. Kant is encouraged by Hume’s skepticism to doubt metaphysics existence. Kant makes a differentiation between priori and posteriori knowledge and between analytic and synthetic judgments. A posteriori knowledge is knowledge from experience and a priori knowledge is the necessary and universal knowledge we have independent of experience, such as our knowledge of mathematics. In an analytic judgment, the concept in the predicate is contained in the concept in the subject, as, for instance, in the judgment, “a bachelor…