Kap Study - for Pms Among College Students
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction: Women experience a lot of changes (symptoms) during their menstrual cycle, which markedly compromises their quality of life and ability to function, leading to higher direct medical costs for increased physician visits and laboratory tests, and higher indirect costs to employers through lower productivity at work. This group of symptoms form the Pre Menstrual Syndrome which varies in severity from person to person. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a cyclic, complex, interactive disorder, which includes physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms.
Premenstrual syndrome is characterized by mental and physical symptoms that vary with different phases of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms start shortly after ovulation, increase in severity, and reach a maximum during the last five premenstrual days.
After the onset of menstrual bleeding, the symptoms rapidly disappear and are usually gone within three to four days. Diagnostic procedures using prospective daily symptom ratings have recently been developed, allowing a more precise diagnosis of the cyclical mood changes and leading to a clearer picture and definition of the condition.( Robinson et al., 2000).
Results from community studies show that the severity of the cyclical mood changes varies within a population of women of fertile age, from those having no cyclical mood changes to those severely handicapped by the symptoms for 14 days of the month. The severity assessment of subjective symptoms is difficult since severity is difficult to compare among individuals.
Premenstrual emotional and physical changes occur in nearly 80% of menstruating women. The symptoms vary from woman to woman and from cycle to cycle. Their intensity ranges from mild to incapacity. About 20% to 40% of women who have PMS experience symptoms that make life difficult and 2.5% to 5% experience PMS that is debilitating. PMS leads to substantial impairment in normal daily activities and
1.1. Introduction: Women experience a lot of changes (symptoms) during their menstrual cycle, which markedly compromises their quality of life and ability to function, leading to higher direct medical costs for increased physician visits and laboratory tests, and higher indirect costs to employers through lower productivity at work. This group of symptoms form the Pre Menstrual Syndrome which varies in severity from person to person. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a cyclic, complex, interactive disorder, which includes physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms.
Premenstrual syndrome is characterized by mental and physical symptoms that vary with different phases of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms start shortly after ovulation, increase in severity, and reach a maximum during the last five premenstrual days.
After the onset of menstrual bleeding, the symptoms rapidly disappear and are usually gone within three to four days. Diagnostic procedures using prospective daily symptom ratings have recently been developed, allowing a more precise diagnosis of the cyclical mood changes and leading to a clearer picture and definition of the condition.( Robinson et al., 2000).
Results from community studies show that the severity of the cyclical mood changes varies within a population of women of fertile age, from those having no cyclical mood changes to those severely handicapped by the symptoms for 14 days of the month. The severity assessment of subjective symptoms is difficult since severity is difficult to compare among individuals.
Premenstrual emotional and physical changes occur in nearly 80% of menstruating women. The symptoms vary from woman to woman and from cycle to cycle. Their intensity ranges from mild to incapacity. About 20% to 40% of women who have PMS experience symptoms that make life difficult and 2.5% to 5% experience PMS that is debilitating. PMS leads to substantial impairment in normal daily activities and
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