Kendall Sad8e Ch02
2
Understanding and
Modeling Organizational
Systems
Systems Analysis and Design,
8e
Kendall & Kendall
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Learning Objectives
• Understand that organizations and their members are systems and that analysts need to take a systems perspective.
• Depict systems graphically using contextlevel data flow diagrams, and entityrelationship models, use cases, and use case scenarios.
• Recognize that different levels of management require different systems.
• Comprehend that organizational culture impacts the design of information systems.
Kendall & Kendall
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall
2-2
Three Main Forces Interacting to Shape Organizations
• Levels of management
• Design of organizations
• Organizational cultures
Kendall & Kendall
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall
2-3
Organizations Are Composed of Interrelated Subsystems
• Influenced by levels of management decision makers that cut horizontally across the organizational system
• Operations
• Middle management
• Strategic management
• Influenced by organizational cultures and subcultures
Kendall & Kendall
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall
2-4
Major Topics
• Organizations as systems
• Depicting systems graphically
• Data flow diagram
• Entity-relationship model
• Use case modeling
• Levels of management
• Organizational culture
Kendall & Kendall
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall
2-5
Organizations as Systems
• Conceptualized as systems designed to accomplish predetermined goals and objectives
• Composed of smaller, interrelated systems serving specialized functions
• Specialized functions are reintegrated to form an effective organizational whole.
Kendall & Kendall
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall
2-6
Interrelatedness and
Independence of Systems
• All systems
Understanding and
Modeling Organizational
Systems
Systems Analysis and Design,
8e
Kendall & Kendall
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Learning Objectives
• Understand that organizations and their members are systems and that analysts need to take a systems perspective.
• Depict systems graphically using contextlevel data flow diagrams, and entityrelationship models, use cases, and use case scenarios.
• Recognize that different levels of management require different systems.
• Comprehend that organizational culture impacts the design of information systems.
Kendall & Kendall
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall
2-2
Three Main Forces Interacting to Shape Organizations
• Levels of management
• Design of organizations
• Organizational cultures
Kendall & Kendall
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall
2-3
Organizations Are Composed of Interrelated Subsystems
• Influenced by levels of management decision makers that cut horizontally across the organizational system
• Operations
• Middle management
• Strategic management
• Influenced by organizational cultures and subcultures
Kendall & Kendall
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall
2-4
Major Topics
• Organizations as systems
• Depicting systems graphically
• Data flow diagram
• Entity-relationship model
• Use case modeling
• Levels of management
• Organizational culture
Kendall & Kendall
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall
2-5
Organizations as Systems
• Conceptualized as systems designed to accomplish predetermined goals and objectives
• Composed of smaller, interrelated systems serving specialized functions
• Specialized functions are reintegrated to form an effective organizational whole.
Kendall & Kendall
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall
2-6
Interrelatedness and
Independence of Systems
• All systems