Kidney Failure
1. What is happening to Ms. Jones’s kidneys, and why is it causing the observed symptom? Ms. Jones is having a decreased blood flow to the kidneys from her surgery. This will cause a sudden drop in urine volume called oliguria or complete cessation of urine production called anuria.
2 .What other symptoms and signs might occur? She may also develop headache, gastrointestinal distress, and the odor of ammonia on the breath caused by accumulation in the blood of nitrogen-containing compounds.
3. What is causing Ms. Jones’s kidney disease? The open heart surgery that Ms. Jones underwent is causing the kidney disease, due to the decreased blood flow to the kidneys.
4. What are possible treatment options and prognosis? Treatment includes restoration of the blood volume to normal, restricted fluid intake, and dialysis.
• Scenario B: Chronic renal failure. Mr. Hodges, a 73-year-old man, has had congestive heart failure for the past 5 years. His doctor has told him that his heart is not functioning well, needing more and more medicine to maintain circulatory function. He has noticed that he is not urinating more than once a day.
5. Why is the condition of Mr. Hodges’s kidneys affecting the rest of his body? The condition is affecting the rest of his body because the urinary output is dropping slowly over time. Metabolic wastes accumulate in the blood with adverse effects on all the systems.
6. As his chronic renal failure worsens what other symptoms and signs might occur in his respiratory, digestive, nervous, and urinary systems? He may develop nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Vision becomes dim, cognitive functions decrease, and convulsions or coma may ensue.
7. What is causing Mr. Hodges’s kidney disease? Mr. Hodges’s kidney disease is from other medical problems such as: chronic glomerulonephritis, hypertension, or diabetic nephropathy, a kidney disease from diabetes mellitus.
8. What are possible treatment options and prognosis?
2 .What other symptoms and signs might occur? She may also develop headache, gastrointestinal distress, and the odor of ammonia on the breath caused by accumulation in the blood of nitrogen-containing compounds.
3. What is causing Ms. Jones’s kidney disease? The open heart surgery that Ms. Jones underwent is causing the kidney disease, due to the decreased blood flow to the kidneys.
4. What are possible treatment options and prognosis? Treatment includes restoration of the blood volume to normal, restricted fluid intake, and dialysis.
• Scenario B: Chronic renal failure. Mr. Hodges, a 73-year-old man, has had congestive heart failure for the past 5 years. His doctor has told him that his heart is not functioning well, needing more and more medicine to maintain circulatory function. He has noticed that he is not urinating more than once a day.
5. Why is the condition of Mr. Hodges’s kidneys affecting the rest of his body? The condition is affecting the rest of his body because the urinary output is dropping slowly over time. Metabolic wastes accumulate in the blood with adverse effects on all the systems.
6. As his chronic renal failure worsens what other symptoms and signs might occur in his respiratory, digestive, nervous, and urinary systems? He may develop nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Vision becomes dim, cognitive functions decrease, and convulsions or coma may ensue.
7. What is causing Mr. Hodges’s kidney disease? Mr. Hodges’s kidney disease is from other medical problems such as: chronic glomerulonephritis, hypertension, or diabetic nephropathy, a kidney disease from diabetes mellitus.
8. What are possible treatment options and prognosis?