Kinesiology Study Guide
Final Exam Kinesiology Study Guide
Lower Extremity, Gait, Video Analysis
Vertebrae/Trunk
-Triaxial
Primary Curves vs. Secondary Curves
* Thoracic and sacral spine curves lie anteriorly (primary curves)
* Cervical and lumbar spine curves lie posteriorly (Secondary curves)
Vertebral Bones
24 articulating, 8-9 fused
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacrum
3-4 coccyx
Atlas vs. axis
Joints
Atlanto-Axial Joint -Allow for extensive rotary motion at the head (most cervical rotation) -Most mobile vertebral joint -Nod yes, shake no -C1 (atlas) doesn’t have spinous process -C2 (axis) upward projection that locks in to atlas—gives ability to shake head
Pivot or Trochoid joint
Atlantooccipital Joint -First joint of the spinal column
-Occipital condyles of skull resting on articular fossa of atlas
Cervical vs. Thoracic vs. Lumbar
Body, Vertebral foramen (spinal cord), transverse process (lateral), spinous process (posterior)
What are the Differences? 1. Body gets bigger from cervical to lumbar 2. Cervical has transverse foramen 3. Thoracic have costal facets 4. Size of spinous/transverse processes
Thorax
12 pairs ribs, 7 pairs true, 5 pairs false
Vertebral Joints -Intervertebral discs -Between articular cartilage of vertebral bodies -Annulus Fibrosus –dense fibrocartilage outer rim (donut) -Nucleus Pulposus—central gelatinous, pulpy substance (jelly)
Functional Moveable Segment -2 vertebrae -4 facets (2 facet joints, superior and inferior) -1 disc
Facet Joints
-Planar Joints
(Each facet joint is a synovial joint)
-Anterior glide with neck flexion
-Posterior glide with neck extension
(Superior segment moves on inferior segment—concave on convex, same direction)
Orientation of the Facets -Cervical—sagittal plane (Flexion/Extension) -Rotation at C-spine is at C1 and C2 -Thoracic—Frontal plane and Transverse plane (Rotation and Lateral bending)
Lower Extremity, Gait, Video Analysis
Vertebrae/Trunk
-Triaxial
Primary Curves vs. Secondary Curves
* Thoracic and sacral spine curves lie anteriorly (primary curves)
* Cervical and lumbar spine curves lie posteriorly (Secondary curves)
Vertebral Bones
24 articulating, 8-9 fused
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacrum
3-4 coccyx
Atlas vs. axis
Joints
Atlanto-Axial Joint -Allow for extensive rotary motion at the head (most cervical rotation) -Most mobile vertebral joint -Nod yes, shake no -C1 (atlas) doesn’t have spinous process -C2 (axis) upward projection that locks in to atlas—gives ability to shake head
Pivot or Trochoid joint
Atlantooccipital Joint -First joint of the spinal column
-Occipital condyles of skull resting on articular fossa of atlas
Cervical vs. Thoracic vs. Lumbar
Body, Vertebral foramen (spinal cord), transverse process (lateral), spinous process (posterior)
What are the Differences? 1. Body gets bigger from cervical to lumbar 2. Cervical has transverse foramen 3. Thoracic have costal facets 4. Size of spinous/transverse processes
Thorax
12 pairs ribs, 7 pairs true, 5 pairs false
Vertebral Joints -Intervertebral discs -Between articular cartilage of vertebral bodies -Annulus Fibrosus –dense fibrocartilage outer rim (donut) -Nucleus Pulposus—central gelatinous, pulpy substance (jelly)
Functional Moveable Segment -2 vertebrae -4 facets (2 facet joints, superior and inferior) -1 disc
Facet Joints
-Planar Joints
(Each facet joint is a synovial joint)
-Anterior glide with neck flexion
-Posterior glide with neck extension
(Superior segment moves on inferior segment—concave on convex, same direction)
Orientation of the Facets -Cervical—sagittal plane (Flexion/Extension) -Rotation at C-spine is at C1 and C2 -Thoracic—Frontal plane and Transverse plane (Rotation and Lateral bending)