Religious freedom was something America struggled to completely achieve for many years. Historians have written articles that explain why it was so hard to achieve religious freedom in America in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. One of the historians was Maura Jane Farrelly, who wrote the article “American Slavery, American Freedom, American Catholicism”. In Farrelly article, she “ explores the relationship between American slavery and American Catholicism”(Farrelly, 69). Another historian would be Charles H. Lippy who wrote “Chastized by Scorpions: Christianity and Culture in Colonial South Carolina, 169-1740”. In Lippy’s article, he writes about “religious diversity and religious tolerance and how it extended to Trinitarian Christians”(Lippy, 270). Farrelly’s article was very clear and also used many primary and secondary sources, while Lippy’s article also used many sources it was not very clear and had me confused a couple of times. Which is why I would recommend Farrelly’s article instead of Lippy’s to students who are taking History-131.…
The Kingdom of Matthias tells the story of a very bizarre religious cult that was founded in New York City in the 1820s. Poor men who were forced by economic necessity took to this religion. Many felt the need to join because of the need for the cult because of the culture of New York City and its members having too much individual ambition.…
The last great expectation the Puritan settlers had in coming to America, was the freedom to partake in any religion they wished. In some sense, they prevailed. They managed to escape the Roman Catholic Church, but at the same time, their religious endeavor stopped at Puritanism and ended with either the conversion or…
When the pilgrims came to New England they set out for their own religious freedom, even though they didn’t always believe other religions had the right to do so as well. In England the puritans, both separatists and non-separatists, were harshly treated by the theocratic government (government controlled by religious aspects). The puritans were locked up or even killed for disobeying the church and government. In the 1620s, puritans in England heard about the Plymouth colony of separatists and wanted something similar. The Massachusetts Bay Company was an organized group of adventurers and puritans that were set for going to New England greatly for economic interests. The company received a charter from the king that allowed them to leave England to set up a colony in the new world. At the time the king didn’t know they were puritans or he may have not allowed the charter to be issued. The puritans in the company sought this venture to be a chance to create a perfect Christian society of their own. In 1630, 1,000 people (including families) sailed over headed by John Winthrop, an influential leader of the expedition. Winthrop was later to be an elected leader year after year in the colony. In the port of Boston was where the central colony started. The colony was greatly influenced by…
Between 1660 and 1775, Great Britain’s North American colonies were affected greatly by race, ethnicity and religion. The first settlers were predominantly white, ethnically, English, and religiously Protestant. The New World was home to many people who sought religious freedom. In addition, the demand of new market and new forces of labor created an opportunity for new races and ethnicities to colonize America. New forces of race, ethnicity and religion show how colonial society was a melting pot compared to any other country in the world. After Queen Elizabeth won the struggle for religious dominance against the Roman Catholics, Protestantism became the main religion in England. Catholics went to the New World to escape religious persecution. Lord Baltimore, a rich catholic, had set out to create refuge for his fellow Catholics so he found Maryland. However, Catholics were not safe from the Protestant immigrants. In 1649, the Act Concerning Religion was passed by the Maryland colony. This act states that no one that believes in Jesus Christ should be in any way troubled or disliked for or in respect to his religion. As seen in Document D, the South is very heavily populated by African- Americans. The reason for this high population was for slavery. Most slaves harvested the cash crop of the South which was tobacco.…
By 1763, although some colonies still maintained established churches, other colonies had accomplished a virtual revolution for religious toleration and separation of church and state. Britain had an established church, the Anglican Church or Church of England, which became the established church in the South, while most New England colonies established the Congregational Church. However, Roger William’s Rhode Island offered complete freedom of religion; Pennsylvania offered substantial freedom to Christians; and Maryland passed an Act of Toleration in 1649 when its Catholics were threatened with becoming a minority. The variety of religions and nationalities eventually doomed the concept of an established church in the American colonies.…
The Kingdom of Matthias, is a book that explains the journey of a man, Matthias and some of his followers in the mid-1800s. Matthias himself, claimed to be a leader of a “new Christian faith,” but his true faith was never revealed. However, it never held up and eventually had its downfall. In the end Matthias was thrown in jail and later released in 1835. From there he headed to Kirtland in search of a Mormon Prophet named Joseph Smith (pg 3). When confronting Smith, Matthias gave a fake name and quickly became “friends.” The shared an enemy in the Finneyite reform, one that Matthias sought to look into. His cult eventually became his end and demolished him from the inside out.…
John Winthrop, the man who set this goal for the Puritans, used God as a way to form a close-knit society. Winthrop felt that closeness in a community was very important in order to work closely together. (Doc A) Since God was so influential in this situation, then it must have been important for Him to be a bigger part of their society: their government. This led to the development of a theocracy. The “closeness” that Winthrop spoke of was very true in the theocratic government, because ministers were protected, and the church members worked closely with each other. Together, they placed harsh requirements upon the people of Puritan New England. They had to attend church services, pay taxes to support the church, and were therefore bound to the church not just through religion, but also through the government. Their loyalty was also expected by the church. The people could in no form offend the church, they promised to study the gospels, spread their knowledge of Him to their children, and most importantly, acknowledged His power: “…and all this not by any strength of our own, but by the Lord Christ” (Doc C). Because it was assumed that any material success by the people…
In this reassessment of the colonial experience in Virginia and Maryland, one defining factor of a society has been forgotten, religion. Does religion not form an important basis for understanding a society? Were the English strictly profit-driven? One could argue that the religious experience of those in the Chesapeake is overshadowed by the religious narrative of the people who settle around the Massachusetts Bay. Religion in the Chesapeake and the influence of religious changes in England can be overlooked. Taylor mentions in passing the unique conglomerate of Anglicans, Catholics, and nonconformists that settle in Maryland, but does not provide details. One important source to consider is the 1649 Toleration Act. This act appears…
Throughout all of history and even today, religion has played a major role in the lives of many people and society in general. A time in history where this is prevalent is in the 17th and 18th centuries; the colonization and the building the original 13 colonies. In fact, religion played such an important role in the colonies that religion was sometimes the stem of inner conflict in the colonies. However, on the same hand, religion also had a way of being common ground among the colonists. Religion united the colonists when all were free to worship what faith they wanted and how they wanted to worship and a direct result of this religious freedom was emerging political ideas;however, when religious intolerance, or concern for only one particular…
But if to observe this issue from the Native American perspective, we would definitely notice that the practices of Puritans were extremely intimidating and they significantly damaged the authentic American culture. Therefore, such change would only mean the total revision of moral and family values among Indians who could sacrifice their traditions, culture, religion and language, beginning to live in European style. Some scientists even speculate that Puritans were intended to use their practices in order to strengthen their control over the densely inhabited area. Through the establishment of a colony and through the implementation of their Puritanism, they wanted the native population to accept all their obligations and to feel positive about their colonization. The Puritans did not have the moral right to mix religion with politics. The creation of colony implied the use of power and control for social order. Nowhere in the Bible has one seen such things. And this is one more evidence to state that Puritans failed to build their “City upon a Hill” or their ideal society. They failed to realize the Bible itself and the words of Jesus. None of the Puritans denied himself, none of them was peaceful and none was intended to help, caring exclusively about personal…
Out of all the regions in the British colonies, the New England colonies were by far the most rigorous and freedom-restricting when to came to religion. Other than the Rhode Island colony, non-puritans were not allowed in the New England colonies. If you were not a Puritan, but still decided to live in this region of colonies, you were not allowed to vote, and you would still be required to pay taxes for the Puritan church. The Puritans had countless laws that each individual had to abide by, and severe punishments were given if these laws were not followed. According to The Colonial Williamsburg, citizens were given punishments such as being whipped, being forced to pay fines, being put in stocks, and even being executed for “crimes” as little as being sick on Sabbath day, publicly kissing, or even dancing on religious days. John Winthrop, founder of the Massachusetts Bay colony, and strong Puritan leader, believed that he was doing good in enforcing all these rules and laws. In A Model of Christian Charity, Winthrop expresses his beliefs by stating, “...first upon the wicked in moderating and restraining them…”.…
Although New England and the Chesapeake region were both settled largely by the people of English origin, by 1700 the regions had evolved into two distinct societies. The reasons for this distinct development were mostly based on the type on people from England who chose to settle in the two areas, and on the manner in which the areas were settled. <br><br>New England was a refuge for religious separatists leaving England, while people who immigrated to the Chesapeake region had no religious motives. As a result, New England formed a much more religious society then the Chesapeake region. John Winthrop states that their goal was to form "a city upon a hill", which represented a "pure" community, where Christianity would be pursued in the most correct manner. Both the Pilgrims and the Puritans were very religious people. In both cases, the local government was controlled by the same people who controlled the church, and the bible was the basis for all laws and regulations. From the Article of Agreement, Springfield, Massachusetts it is clear that religion was the basis for general laws. It uses the phrase "being by God's providence engaged together to make a plantation", showing that everything was done in God's name. The Wage and Price Regulations in Connecticut is an example of common laws being justified by the bible. Also in this document the word "community " is emphasized, just as Winthrop emphasizes it saying: "we must be knit together in this work as one man". The immigrants to New England formed very family and religiously oriented communities. Looking at the emigrant lists of people bound for New England it is easy to observe that most people came in large families, and large families support the community atmosphere. There were many children among the emigrants, and those children were taught religion from their early childhood, and therefore grew up loyal to the church, and easily controllable by the same. Any deviants from the regime were silenced or…
Some called him a madman, others viewed him as a prophet. The Kingdom of Matthias is the story of Robert Matthews who deems himself as “The Spirit of Truth” and persuades others to partake in his unorthodox beliefs (Wilentz and Johnson, p.5). During the first half of the 19th century many parts of the United States were in turmoil as the Second Great Awakening begins to unfold. The Kingdom of Matthias takes place during the Burned-Over District which refers to an area in western New York during the 1820s through 1830s in which evangelical movements were prominent as damnation preaching prevailed which lead to new religious denominations, communes and reform movements.…
When the United States was founded in 1776, it was a nation of Christian individuals. According to One Nation Under God: Religion in Contemporary American Society; “In 1776, every European American, with the exception of about 2,500 Jews, identified himself or herself as a Christian. Moreover, approximately 98 percent of the colonists were Protestants, with the remaining 1.9 percent being Roman Catholics (Kosmin&Lachman).” Although America was never established as an officially Christian nation, it is plain to see that the founding fathers and inhabitants intended for America to follow a code of morality found along the lines of the Bible. Looking at America 200 years later, its people and their culture are not where they started. According…