Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international treaty consisting of obligations on industrialized countries to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases(GHG). The main aim of this protocol is preventing dangerous anthropogenic humaninduced interference of the climate system. 191 countries world over are the members of this protocol. The Protocol was adopted by Parties in 1997, and entered into force in 2005.
As part of the Kyoto Protocol, many developed countries have agreed to legally binding limitations/reductions in their emissions of greenhouse gases in two commitments periods. The first commitment period is from 2008 to 2012, and the second commitment period applies to emissions from
2013 to 2020. The protocol was amended in 2012 to accommodate the second commitment period, but this amendment has not entered into legal force.
Developed countries can trade their emission quotas among themselves under this protocol. Developing countries do not have such obligation but are still committed to reduce the emissions
Why Kyoto Protocol?
The Human activities are responsible for most of the observed increase in global mean temperature
("global warming") since the mid-20th century. Human-induced warming of the climate is expected to continue throughout the 21st century and beyond.
The main aim of the Kyoto Protocol is to contain emissions of the main anthropogenic (i.e., humanemitted) greenhouse gases (GHGs). The treaty follows the main principles agreed in the original 1992 UN
Framework Convention. The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is the "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would stop dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system
Some of the principal concepts of the Kyoto Protocol are:
The main feature of the Protocol is that it established