In order to support my analysis, I will be mentioning some theoretical concepts that will be covered and
In order to support my analysis, I will be mentioning some theoretical concepts that will be covered and
“Burying the White Gods: New Perspectives on the Conquest of Mexico,” by Camilla Townsend, hits the points of why the Native Americans were submissive to the Spaniards. The thesis, in short, says that the Native Americans were not exactly conquered by the conquistadors. Instead, they thought the Cortes was a god, Quetzalcoatl. This in no way indicates the development, or lack thereof, in the Aztec society. The Aztecs invited the conquistadors into their society as gods; they were not conquered, per say, because of the Spain being unbearable.…
Inga Clendinnen book, Ambivalent Conquests: Maya and Spaniard in Yucatan, 1517-1570 is centered on the Spanish incursion of the Yucatan Peninsula, affects on Mayan civilization, and the Spanish struggles in controlling these people. In the beginning, Clendinnen focus here attention on the initial attempts and then eventual success of the Spaniards to solidify themselves within the Yucatan Peninsula. She goes into a detailed backdrop of why many Spaniards were financially forced to look for new lands and peoples to conquer, how they came into the Yucatan, and then eventually their initial disappointment and failure. However, the Mayan victory was short lived as strict determination and new idea's to make profit off resources in this region aside from gold pushed the Spaniards to a point of no return within the Yucatan Peninsula and the eventual Mayan defeat. Secondly, Clendinnen touches on the changing ways of life amongst the native societies due to their new Spanish masters. She focuses more on Mayan changes and the forced acculturation to the Spanish ways of life. Furthermore, she comments on Spanish struggles to utilize commercial opportunities due to the poor agricultural, unsuitable grazing land, lack of labor, and the eventual collapse of the encomienda system. Lastly, Clendinnen touches on the divine front, mentioning the friars initially trying to psychologically discern Mayan behavior and sequences to pinpoint the reasoning's behind Mayan beliefs. Then using what they infer as ammunition toward their constant struggle to convert the native peoples to Christianity and squash any sources of idolatry or anything representing the native religion.…
The fifteenth-century Renaissance and the beginnings of European exploration, conquest, and colonization are part of the same narrativeone in which culture, science, religion, politics, and power are inextricably intertwined. Innovations in science and technology made long-distance travel and exploration possible. The desire of rulers for wealth and power financed conquest, and the desire of the Roman Catholic church for converts provided religious motivation for the subjection of the indigenous peoples of the Americas. Upon reaching Central Mexico, Spanish explorers found themselves confronted with the Nahua people, commonly known as Aztecs, of whom the largest tribe was the Mexica. Stuart B. Schwartz's Victors and Vanquished: Spanish and Nahua Views of the Conquest of Mexico contains opposing versions of the defeat and destruction of the flourishing sixteenth-century civilization of the Nahua.…
Montezuma, who was the ruler of the Aztecs, had a funny feeling about them. Not too long after they arrived, the Aztecs realized that the Spanish could be killed just like their other enemies, so they went to war. They caught some of the Spanish, killed some of them, even ate some. The Spanish won out because of their preparation, and because they brought so many diseases with them, it killed some of the Aztecs as well. The Spanish came to the Aztecs land, and the Aztecs thought that this was the 'God' that they had been waiting for. They treated the Spanish with riches and lavish food, as they would a God. They only treated them to the finest of treasures because they were sure this was what they were looking for. The Spanish reported that they 'were sickened by the people's shocking routines', which was mentioning toward the sacrifice they saw. Then, when the Spanish tried to take advantage of what the Aztecs had given them, they realized they weren’t the Gods they thought they were looking for. So they cut them off. Conversely, the Spaniards had the horses, firearms, and they had most of the people of the Aztec society on their side. With that being said, the Spaniards didn’t like how the Aztec land was being run. With these people and the Spanish's knowledge expansions, they overthrew the Aztec Empire. After the Aztecs were conquered by the Spaniards, they were turned into…
Following the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the territory of northern Mexico became the burgeoning American South West. Nuevomexicanos, residents of the area of New Mexico, were attempting to dissuade Anglo perceptions that they were still loyal to the Mexico. What emerged was the idea of “hispanidad”, Spanishness, seeing as Spain is a white European country and being white was paramount to gaining political and social status in America at the time. Nuevomexicanos felt being of Spanish descent would shift white perceptions and remove them from their link to Mexican heritage. What emerged from this culture of hispanidad, was a rigid caste system that aimed to use bloodlines to prove Nuevomexicanos were descended from Spanish colonizers. Their goal was to “conjure up an entire history of conquest and settlement with which Americans could identify and that they could even admire.” (pg. 9)…
The English and Spanish strategies at colonization in the late 1600’s were very different, resulting in very different outcomes. The English methods of displacement and extermination of the native populations led to wholesale destruction of the cultures targeted. On the other hand, the Spanish attempted to peacefully associate with the local populations. This lead to the creation of a hybrid culture of Spanish and Indian peoples. The birth of this new culture demonstrated the success the Spaniards had in the waning days of the century (Otermin, 2007).…
The Spanish benefited from all this, as they were able to capitalize on the workforce and land the conquering of the Aztecs provided. Additionally, because they capitalized on the land, resources, and natives, the Spanish gained power in all facets of a civilization, reaping an exponential positive gain from the New World. Another document that could be needed to show all facets of the cultural and political shifts of the New World, is an Aztec or other tribes King’s response to Spanish intrusion, and whether or not they approved and welcomed the changes. Due to Spanish intervention, the New Worlds political, economical, social, and cultural aspects all shifted and changed, damaging the natives heritage and wellbeing, but improving the amount of land, resources, and workforce that was available to the Europeans, benefiting…
It must first be pointed out that, however ineffective, Spain did try to stop the unjust treatment of the indigenous people, as Axtell writes “…we abolished the enslavement of peaceful Indians, prohibited their cruel and unfair treatment in a series of laws…” (Axtell, 1992:1). Despite the intentions of Spain, the actions on the ground of the Conquistadors proved detrimental to the lives of the original inhabitants of the Americas. The Spaniards would go on to place these people into slavery to toil in the mines. Axtell describes some of these horrors that they faced in slavery when he writes “man or woman, was worn out from the burden he was carrying, the Spaniards cut off his head so as not to have to stop to unchain him…” (Axtell, 1992:2). Some of those who witnessed the criminalities spoke out and condemned the actions, but these condemnations would prove to be more proof for future generations that these horrible actions occurred rather than an action in halting them.…
One of the similarities that the Aztec and spanish had was that they both had gods. The Aztec had many gods and the spanish had one god. Huitzilopochtli, the Aztecs favorite god was the one to tell the Aztecs to leave their homeland in Northern Mexico and travel south until they found an Eagle on a cactus. He was also the war god and needed blood from sacrifices to strengthen.The Aztecs most powerful god was Tezcatlipoca. He is the god of the night and struggles with the sun god Huitzilopochtli. He uses a smoking mirror to see the future. Quetzalcoatl Left Mexico after a fight with Tezcatlipoca. Priests prophesied that he would return on the new fire and bring destruction to the Aztecs. Tlaloc was the rain god. The Aztecs feared the most because he could either cause a drought or flood their crops. The spanish had one god, his name was god and he was their creator. Both religions had different gods that they worshiped.…
The year 1492 sparked the dawn of an empire. When Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas he unlocked a world of untold wealth and power for Spain. Within the homeland, Spain exhibited “a lack of natural advantages…Yet, in the last years of the fifteenth century and the opening years of the sixteenth, it seemed suddenly, and even miraculously overcome” (Elliot 1). They expanded their empire to the farthest reaches of the earth claiming land in places as close as Africa and as far as the Philippines. Their conquests in the New World provided them with a new source of resources,…
There were many changes that occurred when the Spaniards decided to take over what is now Mexico. Before the Spanish took over Mexico, the Aztecs had a separate race and also spoke their own native tongue, Nahuatl. But when Spain was settling in, Cortes made it required for a Spanish man to marry one of the local women which created a new race, called the Mestizo. The schools in New Spain educated the Mestizo children to speak Spanish instead of Nahuatl. After to the invasion of Spain, Cortes and his crew set up a new economic system called encomienda.…
Religion certainly played a major part in the Conquest of Mexico. However it’s actual impact on the rapidity of the conquest, especially in the early stages, is limited. On the side of the Native Americans, their religious beliefs proved to be at their own disadvantage. For the Spaniards, their devotion to Catholicism provided a plausible excuse for the crusade. As well as the search for gold and silver, the Spaniards held a religious mission, without which Spanish expansion may have not been so conceivable, or at least taken a different form. The discovery and conquest of America was spirited by missionary expansion and sustained throughout by Church resources. Spain had of course the first reformed Church in Europe. The experience of the Moors and infidel in the Peninsula itself is an example of her intolerance and anxiety to extend the faith. Thus Spain had the confidence and the personnel to play this vital role in colonial…
Beginning in 1492 when the Spanish under the crown of Castile invaded the Americas, where their first settlement was in Santo Domingo, their main motivations were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through indigenous conversions and economic gain. Due to these objectives they intervened and attempted to change every facet of the indigenous way of life including their ‘notions of spirituality, witchcraft, and intoxication’. The indigenous population had formally been removed from the jurisdiction of the inquisition by order of King Phillip the second in 1571, however the native people of Mexico and other invaded lands of the Americas were still prosecuted on accounts of witchcraft or being Nauatil (witches).…
It was the duration of the stay of the Spaniards that ultimately caused the Aztec Empire to collapse when slaughter brought by disease and armed force made its way throughout the empire (49-50) The Spaniards used the intentional tactic of taking advantage of the beliefs of indigenous groups to gain their trust by pretending to be the gods they believed in. When they gained the trust of the people of the Aztec Empire, they used the tactic of armed force and unintentional tactic of disease to take their leader away and gain the trust of other indigenous groups as allies to weaken and collapse the entire empire. In this case the Spaniards were able to use every intentional and unintentional tactic to claim land in…
In 1493, Pope Alexander VI issued a Papal Bull granting a protectorate of the New World…