Lab 5 Human Anatomy & Physiology

Name: Sara Mulvaney
Lab 5: The Integumentary System
Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to understand The
Integumentary System.
Hypothesis: If I understand the skin, the appendages of skin, and diease of the skin, then I will be able to fully understand The Integumentary System.
Materials: Marieb, Elaine. Hoehn, Katja. Human Anatomy & Physiology.
Pearson. 2013. Print
Methods: The skin, appendages of the skin, and disease of the skin.
Results:
BSC 2085C – Anatomy & Physiology I
Lab 5: The Integumentary System
Name __Sara Mulvaney__
Directions: There are five (5) activities in this lab. Please be sure to complete them all. For all questions, type your answers into the yellow box ____ (including your name above) it will expand as you write.
Activity 1: The Skin
1-1: Enter the letter of the correct structure in the space provided:

A. adipose tissue

1. _D__

B. eccrine sweat gland
C. arrector pili muscle

2. _F__
3. _A__

D. dermis

4. _I__

E. hair root

5. _E__

F. hypodermis

6. _H__

G. sweat pore

7. _C__

H. sebaceous gland

8. _B__

I. venule

9. _G__

1-2: Please enter the letter of the correct structure in the space provided:
A.

dermis

D.

reticular layer

B.

epidermis

E.

stratum basale

C.

papillary layer

F.

stratum corneum

_B___ 1. Translucent cells, containing keratin
_F___ 2. Dead cells
_C___ 3. Dermis layer responsible for fingerprints
_D___ 4. Vascular region

G.

stratum granulosum

_E___ 5. Epidermal region of rapid cell division; deepest epidermal layer
_G___ 6. Scale-like cells full of keratin that constantly flake off
_C___ 7. Site of elastic and collagen fibers
_E___ 8. Site of melanin formation
1-3: Fill in the blanks.
1. Blueness of the skin due to low oxygen concentration in the blood is called _Cyanosis___.
2. A muscle that causes a hair to stand on end is called a/an _Piloerector_Muscle__.
3. Cerumen is more commonly known as _Ear Wax___.
4. The process of removing burned skin from a patient is called _Debridement___.
5. Caucasian skin gets its color mainly from the white dermal collagen and the blood pigment
_Hemoglobin___.
6. The dietary pigment _Carotene___ sometimes gives it a yellowish tint, but if both the skin and the whites of the eyes are tinted this color, a disorder called _Jaundice___ may be suspected. 7. Black, brown, tan, and reddish hues are all due to various amounts of _Melanin___.
8. Choking or cardiac arrest may cause an abnormal skin color called _Cyanosis___, due to a low level of oxygen in the blood.
9. The redness of blushing or sunburn is called _Erythema___.

1-4: Please enter the letter of the correct structure in the space provided:
A. stratum basale

1. _D___

B. keratinocytes

2. _G___

C. merkel cell

3. _F___

D. stratum corneum

4. _A___

E. sensory nerve ending

5. _J___

F. stratum spinosum

6. _K___

G. stratum granulosum

7. _H___

H. melanocyte

8. _E___

I. dendritic cell

9. _C___

J. desmosomes

10. _I___

K. melanin granule

11. _B___

Activity 2: Appendages of the Skin
2-1: Please enter the letter of the correct structure in the space provided:

1. _P___
2. _B___
3. _J___
4. _H___
5. _I___
6. _A___
7. _K___
8. _Q___
9. _M___
10. _L___
11. _C___
12. _N___
13. _D___
14. _E___
15. _F___
16. _G___

A. follicle wall
B. arrector pili
C. cuticle
D. medulla
E. matrix
F. papilla
G. melanocyte
H. root
I. region of cell division and hair growth
J. sebaceous gland
K. connective tissue sheath
L. internal root sheath
M. external root sheath
N. cortex
O. adipose tissue
P. hair shaft

17. _O___

Q. glassy membrane

2-2: Fill in the blanks.
1. The nails and part of the hair are made of a durable, extensively cross-linked protein called hard _Keratin___.
2. A hair grows in a diagonal epithelial tube called a _Follicle___.
3. Coarse, pigmented hair is called _Terminal Hair___, whereas most of the body hair of women and children is called _Vellus Hair___. Most of the hair within this tube is called the root, but it has a dilation at its base called the _Bulb___, where it derives all its nutrition from blood capillaries.
4. The surface of a hair consists of scaly, overlapping cells called the hair _Cuticle___. Most hair colors are due to melanin, but red hair gets its color from a pigment called
_Trichosiderin___.
5. Chills and fear often cause the hair to stand on end because of the action of the _Arrector
Pili___ muscles of the hair follicles.
6. Excessive hairiness is called hypertrichosis, while thinning of the hair is called
_Alopecia___.

2-3: Please enter the letter of the correct structure in the space provided:
A. eponychiu
B. free edge
C. hyponichium
D. lunule
E. nail bed
F. nail body
G. proximal nail fold
H. lateral nail fold
I. nail matrix
J. nail root
K. phalanx

1. _B___
2. _F___
3. _A___
4. _G___
5. _J___
6. _I___
7. _D___
8. _H___
9. _C___
10. _E___
11. _K___

2-4: Fill in the blanks.
Nails
1. The clear, keratinized portion of a fingernail is known as the nail _Plate___ It has a root,

body, and free edge.
2. The space under the free edge, called the _Hyponychium___, must be scrupulously cleaned when scrubbing for patient care.
3. The nail grows from a mitotically active tissue called the _Hair Matrix___. Often a little of this is visible at the proximal end of the nail as a white crescent called the _Lunule___.
Cutaneous Glands
1. Sweat glands are also known as _Sudoriferous___ glands. One type, called _Eccrine
Sweat___ glands, serve for evaporative cooling of the body, while the other type, called
_Apocrine Sweat___ glands, are scent glands. One place where the latter type can be found is the _Axillary___ region.
2. We lose about half a liter of water a day by _Insensible___ perspiration, which we don’t notice because it evaporates immediately from the skin. More profuse sweating, with noticeable wetness, is called _Diaphoresis___.
3. Associated with the hair follicles are holocrine glands called _Sebaceous Glands___, which produce a skin oil called _Sebum___.
4. Earwax, or _Cercum___, consists mainly of the secretions of the _Ceruminous___ glands in the ear canal.
5. The _Mammary___ glands are modified sweat glands that show significant development only in pregnancy and maternity.

Activity 3: Disease of the Skin
3-1: Fill in the blanks.
Diseases of the Skin
1. Skin cancer occurs in three forms. The most common but least dangerous type is _Basal
Cell Carcinoma___, which arises from keratinocytes of the stratum basale.

2. The least common but most deadly form of skin cancer involves the melanocytes and is called _Malignant Melanoma___.
3. The most commonly fatal disorder of the skin is burns. First- and second-degree burns are called _Partial-Thickness___ burns because they do not destroy all of the dermis.
4. Third-degree burns are called _Full-Thickness___ burns because all the dermis and sometimes deeper tissue is destroyed.
5. The most immediate concern in the treatment of third-degree burns is _Fluid
Replacement___, and after this comes _Infection Control___.

Conclusion: My hypothesis was correct. I was able to fully able to understand The Integumentary System because I understood the skin, the appendages of the skin, and disease of the skin.