Lab Report Calorimetry

Post lab
The unknown solution 4055 was tested by the separation scheme in order to identify the four cations that exist in it. The cations found were Ag+, Ba2+, Mn2+, and Ni2+. When I added 5 drops of 3M NaCl to the unknown solution, we had some precipitate, we centrifuge and then we divided to two test tubes, and they were put in hot water and got confirmatory tested. The Ag+ appeared to be in the solution because it melted, however Pb2+ didn’t. With the rest of the solution we added Na2SO4 we had precipitate which means I had Ba2+and we centrifuge it to do confirmatory test by adding K2CiO4 and the result was the precipitate was yellow. After then I added 3M of NH3 to raise the pH to 5, and there was no precipitate which means Fe3+ and Al3+ didn’t exist in the solution. The last two unknowns were tested by raising the pH to 8 by adding 15M NH3 there was a precipitate which it should be Mn, after centrifuging it and adding 6M of HNO3 it was tested with
• Fe(NO3)2(aq)+NaOH(aq) → Fe(OH)3(s)+ NO-3(aq)+Na+(aq)
• Cu(NO3)2(aq)+NaOH(aq) → Cu(OH)2(s)+ NO-3(aq)+Na+(aq
• Ni(NO3)2(aq)+NaOH(aq) → Ni(OH)2(s)+ NO-3(aq)+Na+(aq)
• Al(NO3)2 (aq)+NaOH(aq) →Al(OH)(s)+ NO3-(aq)+Na+(aq)
• Al(NO3)2 (aq)+NH4OH(aq) →Al(NH4)6+ (s)+ NO3-(aq)+Na+(aq)
• Mn(NO3)2 (aq)+NaOH(aq) →Mn(OH)2(s)+ NO3-(aq) +Na+(aq)

• Pb(NO3)2 (aq)+H2S(aq)↔PbS2(s)+ S2-2(g)+NO3-(aq)
• Ag(NO3) (aq)+H2S(aq)↔ AgS2(s)+ S2-2(g)+NO3-(aq)
• Ba(NO3) (aq)+H2S(aq)↔No reaction existed
• Fe(NO3)2(aq)+H2S(aq)↔ Fe2S3(s)+ S2-2(g)+NO3-(aq)
• Cu(NO3)2(aq)+H2S(aq)↔ CuS(s)+ S2-2(g)+NO3-(aq)
• Ni(NO3)2(aq)+H2S(aq)↔NiS(s)+ S2-2(g)+NO3-(aq)
• Mn(NO3)2(aq)+H2S(aq)↔MnS(s)+ S2-2(g)+NO3-(g)
• Fe(OH)3(s)+HNO3(aq)↔Fe+3(aq)+ NO3-(g)+ H2O(l)
• Cu(OH)2(s)+HNO3(aq)↔Cu2+(aq)+ NO3-(g)+ H2O(l)
• Ni(OH)2(s)+HNO3(aq)↔Ni+(aq)+ NO3-(g)+ H2O(l)
• Mn(OH)2(s+HNO3(aq)↔Mn+2(aq)+ NO3-(g)+ H2O(l)
• BaSO4(s)+NaOH(aq)↔Ba(OH)2(aq)+ Na2SO4(aq)
• Ba(OH)2(s)+ Na2SO4(aq)+ H2SO4(aq)↔Ba+2(aq) +HSO4-+ H2O (l)
• PbCl2+boiling H2O→Pb2+(aq)+Cl-(aq)

Separation