Lack Of Education In The Kite Runner
What do racism, poverty, and violence have in common? They all result from one major problem: lack of education. Lack of education is a problem that has plagued many nations for years. Once in this crisis, it takes a long time to recover and rebuild a nation that can rise above the problems that illiteracy causes. This social issue is very prevalent in reality and many books focus on this point. The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini, accurately depicts the problems of poverty and ignorance caused by lack of education in Afghanistan and conversely, throughout the world.
To start building a base, it is important to know what leads to lack of education and in comparison, what lack of education leads to as well. Essentially, both are the same: …show more content…
war, violence, and poverty. Ignorance caused by illiteracy leads to wars (between races, nations, and social status), and once wars start, they destroy schools and cause many educated people to flee from their homes and never return. When wars end, the losing nation is usually in very bad shape; and many times, dictators or a harsh self-centered group of people rise up to lead the now-ruined place. If this happens, another series of wars usually occurs to try and dethrone the new government. And the cycle repeats itself over and over. The case with violence is similar to that of war. Violence can be caused to the same types of people, because of illiteracy, but violence is more frequent, harder to control, and is done for many reasons. In a quote from John Ruskin, he said “Education does not mean teaching people to know what they don’t know; it means teaching them to behave as they don’t behave” (Simanek). Poverty is one of the many causes for violence, suicide, and sometimes war (the French Revolution, for example). Poverty destroys the future for so many generations. The base of poverty is also dearth of knowledge. When a family is poor, they do not have enough resources to send their child to a good school and even the public school that their child goes to probably isn’t in good shape. Schools near poor areas are often lacking in educational materials and teachers (Verlag). Then, when the child grows up, many times he or she has to drop out of high school or not attend college because they have to work or don’t have enough money to pay for higher education. Then, they land with a low paying job in which they have to work hard, but are not paid enough for their efforts (Decker). As a result of that, their families are poor and their children are placed in the same conundrum as the parents were in when they were growing up. To sum it all up, some of the most prominent causes and effects of illiteracy are violence, war, and poverty.
To expand on education, in general, there is more than one type. There is religious education, education you get from school (book education), life education, family education, and so on. Each aspect of education focuses on something different but sometimes expands on the same thing. As a result, some people manage to get by with one type of education but not another. For example, religious education teaches you how to calm yourself and get spiritual happiness. Although, when religious education is looked into deeper, some of the basic aspects teach you how to behave; something that family and life education also teaches. This way, some types of education can fill in for one another, but in general, it is still better to have all types of education, at least a little of each. Some people “specialize” in one type of education, like Priests, Rabbis, and Sheikhs. That is fine as long as they have full knowledge in what they “specialize” in, because it is impossible to have only a little education in only one subject and still survive well. And, as stated before, if every aspect of one type of education is known, than many smaller facets of other types of education are known. In general, everything that a person knows is a type of education. For example, if a person’s family teaches them how to manage the house or raise up children, that is family education. Or if someone had to survive on their own in the wilderness, that would be life education, even though they had to learn it by themselves. But, as with everything else, it is better to have as much knowledge as you can, rather than settling for only a little. This can be compared to having to survive in a forest all by yourself for a week. The more you know about survival, the better off you are. This is the same way for every other situation. Basically, there are numerous facets of education and each one of them is just as important as another. And the bottom line is: education is important, no matter what type you have; and it’s a matter of quality and quantity. Not just one or the other.
Now that the foundation for this social issue is set, it is important to go back and look at Afghanistan’s history to compare and contrast what has happened and what is happening. In the past, Afghanistan has always been a war-torn country. In the earlier years, it was in a war against Iran (Persia), then with the British, and in the late 20th century, the Soviet Union. Due to the constant wars that Afghanistan had been fighting, there had never really been a chance to develop the nation and educate the people. Therefore, when the Soviet Union finally went down and the Taliban came in and attempted to unite the country, many problems occurred. Due to the lack of communication and controversial actions taken by the Taliban, many people rebelled against them. If a little more time had been taken to educate the people and develop the country, perhaps things could have gone differently. But due to the sequence of events, the constant conflict continued and the U.S. had to step in. Currently, the U.S. is attempting to form a democracy but the efforts are in vain because the backbone of democracy is education (Schuety). People can’t form a proper government if they don’t know what needs to happen and who is going to stand up for them, or just cause their destruction.
Afghanistan is not the only nation affected by the issue of lack of education.
Many third world countries are too; and some now-thriving countries used to be in this predicament as well. For example, after the war with Great Britain, the United States used to have a lot of problems. Two of the countless ones were racism and poverty. These issues affected black slaves the most. The reason was: the African Americans did not have enough education to show the rich Caucasians that they (the slaves) could think and rise above them (the whites). Because they couldn’t prove their worth, they were treated poorly and where abused. After the Civil Rights movement, things improved for the black race. But problems still occur today with the Mexican’s that cross the border here in Arizona. Many of them do not have enough education to get jobs and therefore, live in poverty. Their homes are run-down and the neighborhoods they live in are often filled with crime. Because of their lack of education and income, it was hard for many of them to rise up and prosper into more established people. Even in growing countries, this is an issue. Take India for example. India as a whole is prospering but the small individuals in the slums of India have horrible lives. They are born into poverty, and because they have to work to live and do not have time to get proper education, whole generations are forced to live in hardship and destitution. On a more recent and well-known note, Iraq is suffering from …show more content…
the problems of illiteracy as well. After all the destruction and damage that has occurred there, not many people know what to do. And even if they did, many of the schools have been destroyed and everyone would be too busy trying to survive rather than teaching their children education. Because of the lack of schools, work, and basic necessities, Iraq is having a hard time rebuilding itself and pulling its people out of chaos and destruction. In Iraq’s past, it used to be a well established nation that was handed from one powerful dynasty to another. Most of the dynasties kept the nation upright and helped it prosper until a series of wars brought the whole country down and destroyed it to a point where it is near impossible to come back. Because of the illiteracy that plagued Iraq after all that destruction, the nation was unable to help itself and started going downhill at an alarming and violent rate. And Ralph J. Bunche hinted to that by saying:
Peace is no mere matter of men fighting or not fighting.
Peace, to have meaning for many who have known only suffering in both peace and war, must be translated into bread or rice, shelter, health, and education, as well as freedom and human dignity - a steadily better life. If peace is to be secure, long-suffering and long-starved, forgotten peoples of the world, the underprivileged and the undernourished, must begin to realize without delay the promise of a new day and a new life. (Allen) As explained above, many nations, from stable, to developed, to underdeveloped, have suffered from lack of education and continue to do
so.
The last point to consider is how the book The Kite Runner, fits in with all that has been mentioned above. The kite runner focuses basically on a boy growing up in Afghanistan. But it is the background events that scream to be taken into consideration. In the beginning of the novel, the main character, Amir, describes how he has to attend a school while the servant who lives with him gets to stay home and do all the chores (Hosseini 23). It is evident from there that the servants are not given a chance at ever gaining knowledge, even though everyone should have a right. It is frighteningly similar to how the blacks were treated when the U.S. first separated from England. At another point in the novel, Amir goes to his father and tells him how the teacher said that it is a sin to drink and smoke (acts which his father does). His father scorns the teachers and tells Amir that they are all “self-righteous monkeys” (Hosseini 15). Even though he only speaks of that about religion, it is enough to show that people (especially the rich) don’t care about education. They think that they know what needs to be known because they are living a lavish life on the knowledge that they acquired before. Of course, this isn’t the case with everyone; but in general, the rich are given more rights (for education and everything else), than the poor and therefore have a greater advantage. Another, more subtle sign, of lack of education was the huge problem on discrimination. In the Kite Runner, racism, sexism, and all types of discrimination were mentioned countless times. This shows that people aren’t open-minded enough to accept that everyone is equal. Education helps develop the brain and the more developed a person’s brain is, the more they can comprehend and scrutinize what they are told to believe or what they hear (Spenella). “Education is one of the chief obstacles to intelligence and freedom of thought” said Bertrand A. Russell (Simanek). People who have more education are more open to new things than people who have been raised up on one notion and the harshness of society has beat that one thought into stone. A good example of that is the election of this year. Several decades ago, when the blacks were slaves or had just been given freedom, no one could comprehend a black man becoming president. But in recent elections, Barak Obama beat John McCain by a landslide; which awed so many people and helped the U.S. grow into a much more united nation with new people who bring new ideas and can shape this nation into something that no one would have ever thought of. Another example of the lack of education was the brutal poverty that seared the soul as the story progressed. It was daunting to see how Amir’s father went from an extremely wealthy merchant to a man working in a poor job and developing cancer because of it (Hosseini 139). The most relevant connection is between Afghanistan and the book would be the conflicts. The poverty that drove people in Afghanistan to sell their limbs to get food for their children also drove Amir’s dad to damage his health so his son could go to college and have a chance at a minutely good life in America. Another conflict was hatred between everyone. If everyone would learn to live with one another and treat each other respectfully; the nation would have been amalgamated and the Taliban would have never been able to rise into power and do what they did. And of course, at the heart of all problems: the high illiteracy rate. At the root of everything, the lack of education slowly corroded everyone’s common sense and gradually broke them down so much so that even the most basic things had to be learned. Tolerance, for example. When most people are born, their parents teach them to accept different types of people because everyone is born different. In places where racism is prevalent, chances are that most children have dropped out of school, houses are run down, the school nearby have a lack of teachers and half the time, the classes sit empty. If these are the conditions, than the community is building a base for violence. When a person is not able to tolerate someone else, then they often turn to violence to try to put an end to the constant irritation. One thing leads to another and soon, it all escalates to murder. In the book, Amir’s enemy, Asef, starts off being racist to Amir’s slave, Hassan, and gradually, the hatred grows to the point where Asef ends up raping Hassan. And even after that, when Asef joins the Taliban, he kills Hassan, and Hassan’s family. Then, the hatred is so strong that even after Hassan’s death, Asef find’s Hassan’s son and continues to hurt him for pleasure. Overall, the book shows all the daily problems of life in the background of Amir’s childhood and the odyssey to manhood as he goes back to a place that is shattered by war, hate, and deficiency of knowledge.
In the end, lack of education is the root of most social issues and Hosseini depicts this precisely in his book The Kite Runner when he speaks of Afghanistan specifically and the world on a broad basis. Illiteracy affects everyone from children to adults, from U.S. citizens to the people dying in Iraq. It slowly infects generations and eventually spreads so far that it breaks strong nations and reduces them into countries so weak that they can’t even stand on their knees. “The Principal goal of education is to create men who are capable of doing new things, not simply of repeating what other generations have done” (Simank). Jean Piaget said this about education once and it just shows how important education is and how broad this topic is.
Work Cited
Alan, Robert. "End Poverty Quotes." Culture of Peace. The People of Peace Project. 31 Jan 2009 .
Decker, Paul T. “Findings from the Education and the Economy.” An Indicator’s Report. Ed 1. 102. April 1997: 1-24 Path: Advanced Search; Findings from Education and the Economy.
Hosseini, Khaled. The Kite Runner. 1st New York: Bloomsburry Publishing PLC, 2004.
“Quotes in Education.” Donal Simanek’s Pages. Aug 2008. 12 Jan 2009 .
Schuety, Christine. "The Next Chapter." Public Library is the Backbone of Democracy Spring 2008 3 Feb 2009 .
Spinella, Marcello. “Orbital Function and Education Attainment…” College Student Journal. Sept 2004: 333. Path: Search; Orbital Function and Educational Attainment>.
Verlag, Springer. "Reflection on Balanced Allocation of Fundamental Education Teachers in Poverty-Stricken Areas of Ethnic Minorities: Example of a Survey in the Tibetan Autonomous County of Tianzhu in Gansu Province ." Frontiers of Education in China Jan 2006: 140-152.
Bibliography
Alan, Robert. "End Poverty Quotes." Culture of Peace. The People of Peace Project. 31 Jan 2009 .
Bolotin, Pamela and Sara Efron. “Seven Worlds of Moral Education.” Phi Delta Kappan. March 2005: 525-533. Bratvold, Gretchen, Ed. Visual Geography Series: Afghanistan…in Pictures. Minneapolis, MN: Learner Publications, 1989 “Causes of Child Poverty: Lack of Educational Attainment.” Fight Poverty. 2006. 9 Jan 2009 . Clifford, Mary L. The Land and People of Afghanistan. New York: Lippincott, 1989. Decker, Paul T.. “Findings from Education and the Economy.” An Indicator’s Report. Ed 1. 102 April 1997: 1-24. 11 Jan 2009 . Path: Advanced Search; Findings from Education and the Economy. “Education.” Afghanistan’s Website. 15 Jan 2009. “Education and Disability.” Education For All. 2007. 11 Jan 2009 . Path: Topics; Protection; Disability. Hosseini, Khaled. The Kite Runner. 1st New York: Bloomsburry Publishing PLC, 2004. Laird, Jennifer. “Dropout and Compleation Rates in the United Staes: 2006.” Compendium Report. Sept. 2008: 1-14. 12 Jan 2009 . “Quotes in Education.” Donal Simanek’s Pages. Aug 2008. 12 Jan 2009 .
Schuety, Christine. "The Next Chapter." Public Library is the Backbone of Democracy Spring 2008 3 Feb 2009 . Spinella, Marcello. “Orbital Function and Education Attainment…” College Student Journal. Sept 2004: 333. Path: Search; Orbital Function and Educational Attainment>. “The Importance of Education.” The Movement for the Revival of Islamic Thought. Jan 2009. 11 Jan 2009. .
Verlag, Springer. "Reflection on Balanced Allocation of Fundamental Education Teachers in Poverty-Stricken Areas of Ethnic Minorities: Example of a Survey in the Tibetan Autonomous County of Tianzhu in Gansu Province ." Frontiers of Education in China Jan 2006: 140-152.
To start building a base, it is important to know what leads to lack of education and in comparison, what lack of education leads to as well. Essentially, both are the same: …show more content…
war, violence, and poverty. Ignorance caused by illiteracy leads to wars (between races, nations, and social status), and once wars start, they destroy schools and cause many educated people to flee from their homes and never return. When wars end, the losing nation is usually in very bad shape; and many times, dictators or a harsh self-centered group of people rise up to lead the now-ruined place. If this happens, another series of wars usually occurs to try and dethrone the new government. And the cycle repeats itself over and over. The case with violence is similar to that of war. Violence can be caused to the same types of people, because of illiteracy, but violence is more frequent, harder to control, and is done for many reasons. In a quote from John Ruskin, he said “Education does not mean teaching people to know what they don’t know; it means teaching them to behave as they don’t behave” (Simanek). Poverty is one of the many causes for violence, suicide, and sometimes war (the French Revolution, for example). Poverty destroys the future for so many generations. The base of poverty is also dearth of knowledge. When a family is poor, they do not have enough resources to send their child to a good school and even the public school that their child goes to probably isn’t in good shape. Schools near poor areas are often lacking in educational materials and teachers (Verlag). Then, when the child grows up, many times he or she has to drop out of high school or not attend college because they have to work or don’t have enough money to pay for higher education. Then, they land with a low paying job in which they have to work hard, but are not paid enough for their efforts (Decker). As a result of that, their families are poor and their children are placed in the same conundrum as the parents were in when they were growing up. To sum it all up, some of the most prominent causes and effects of illiteracy are violence, war, and poverty.
To expand on education, in general, there is more than one type. There is religious education, education you get from school (book education), life education, family education, and so on. Each aspect of education focuses on something different but sometimes expands on the same thing. As a result, some people manage to get by with one type of education but not another. For example, religious education teaches you how to calm yourself and get spiritual happiness. Although, when religious education is looked into deeper, some of the basic aspects teach you how to behave; something that family and life education also teaches. This way, some types of education can fill in for one another, but in general, it is still better to have all types of education, at least a little of each. Some people “specialize” in one type of education, like Priests, Rabbis, and Sheikhs. That is fine as long as they have full knowledge in what they “specialize” in, because it is impossible to have only a little education in only one subject and still survive well. And, as stated before, if every aspect of one type of education is known, than many smaller facets of other types of education are known. In general, everything that a person knows is a type of education. For example, if a person’s family teaches them how to manage the house or raise up children, that is family education. Or if someone had to survive on their own in the wilderness, that would be life education, even though they had to learn it by themselves. But, as with everything else, it is better to have as much knowledge as you can, rather than settling for only a little. This can be compared to having to survive in a forest all by yourself for a week. The more you know about survival, the better off you are. This is the same way for every other situation. Basically, there are numerous facets of education and each one of them is just as important as another. And the bottom line is: education is important, no matter what type you have; and it’s a matter of quality and quantity. Not just one or the other.
Now that the foundation for this social issue is set, it is important to go back and look at Afghanistan’s history to compare and contrast what has happened and what is happening. In the past, Afghanistan has always been a war-torn country. In the earlier years, it was in a war against Iran (Persia), then with the British, and in the late 20th century, the Soviet Union. Due to the constant wars that Afghanistan had been fighting, there had never really been a chance to develop the nation and educate the people. Therefore, when the Soviet Union finally went down and the Taliban came in and attempted to unite the country, many problems occurred. Due to the lack of communication and controversial actions taken by the Taliban, many people rebelled against them. If a little more time had been taken to educate the people and develop the country, perhaps things could have gone differently. But due to the sequence of events, the constant conflict continued and the U.S. had to step in. Currently, the U.S. is attempting to form a democracy but the efforts are in vain because the backbone of democracy is education (Schuety). People can’t form a proper government if they don’t know what needs to happen and who is going to stand up for them, or just cause their destruction.
Afghanistan is not the only nation affected by the issue of lack of education.
Many third world countries are too; and some now-thriving countries used to be in this predicament as well. For example, after the war with Great Britain, the United States used to have a lot of problems. Two of the countless ones were racism and poverty. These issues affected black slaves the most. The reason was: the African Americans did not have enough education to show the rich Caucasians that they (the slaves) could think and rise above them (the whites). Because they couldn’t prove their worth, they were treated poorly and where abused. After the Civil Rights movement, things improved for the black race. But problems still occur today with the Mexican’s that cross the border here in Arizona. Many of them do not have enough education to get jobs and therefore, live in poverty. Their homes are run-down and the neighborhoods they live in are often filled with crime. Because of their lack of education and income, it was hard for many of them to rise up and prosper into more established people. Even in growing countries, this is an issue. Take India for example. India as a whole is prospering but the small individuals in the slums of India have horrible lives. They are born into poverty, and because they have to work to live and do not have time to get proper education, whole generations are forced to live in hardship and destitution. On a more recent and well-known note, Iraq is suffering from …show more content…
the problems of illiteracy as well. After all the destruction and damage that has occurred there, not many people know what to do. And even if they did, many of the schools have been destroyed and everyone would be too busy trying to survive rather than teaching their children education. Because of the lack of schools, work, and basic necessities, Iraq is having a hard time rebuilding itself and pulling its people out of chaos and destruction. In Iraq’s past, it used to be a well established nation that was handed from one powerful dynasty to another. Most of the dynasties kept the nation upright and helped it prosper until a series of wars brought the whole country down and destroyed it to a point where it is near impossible to come back. Because of the illiteracy that plagued Iraq after all that destruction, the nation was unable to help itself and started going downhill at an alarming and violent rate. And Ralph J. Bunche hinted to that by saying:
Peace is no mere matter of men fighting or not fighting.
Peace, to have meaning for many who have known only suffering in both peace and war, must be translated into bread or rice, shelter, health, and education, as well as freedom and human dignity - a steadily better life. If peace is to be secure, long-suffering and long-starved, forgotten peoples of the world, the underprivileged and the undernourished, must begin to realize without delay the promise of a new day and a new life. (Allen) As explained above, many nations, from stable, to developed, to underdeveloped, have suffered from lack of education and continue to do
so.
The last point to consider is how the book The Kite Runner, fits in with all that has been mentioned above. The kite runner focuses basically on a boy growing up in Afghanistan. But it is the background events that scream to be taken into consideration. In the beginning of the novel, the main character, Amir, describes how he has to attend a school while the servant who lives with him gets to stay home and do all the chores (Hosseini 23). It is evident from there that the servants are not given a chance at ever gaining knowledge, even though everyone should have a right. It is frighteningly similar to how the blacks were treated when the U.S. first separated from England. At another point in the novel, Amir goes to his father and tells him how the teacher said that it is a sin to drink and smoke (acts which his father does). His father scorns the teachers and tells Amir that they are all “self-righteous monkeys” (Hosseini 15). Even though he only speaks of that about religion, it is enough to show that people (especially the rich) don’t care about education. They think that they know what needs to be known because they are living a lavish life on the knowledge that they acquired before. Of course, this isn’t the case with everyone; but in general, the rich are given more rights (for education and everything else), than the poor and therefore have a greater advantage. Another, more subtle sign, of lack of education was the huge problem on discrimination. In the Kite Runner, racism, sexism, and all types of discrimination were mentioned countless times. This shows that people aren’t open-minded enough to accept that everyone is equal. Education helps develop the brain and the more developed a person’s brain is, the more they can comprehend and scrutinize what they are told to believe or what they hear (Spenella). “Education is one of the chief obstacles to intelligence and freedom of thought” said Bertrand A. Russell (Simanek). People who have more education are more open to new things than people who have been raised up on one notion and the harshness of society has beat that one thought into stone. A good example of that is the election of this year. Several decades ago, when the blacks were slaves or had just been given freedom, no one could comprehend a black man becoming president. But in recent elections, Barak Obama beat John McCain by a landslide; which awed so many people and helped the U.S. grow into a much more united nation with new people who bring new ideas and can shape this nation into something that no one would have ever thought of. Another example of the lack of education was the brutal poverty that seared the soul as the story progressed. It was daunting to see how Amir’s father went from an extremely wealthy merchant to a man working in a poor job and developing cancer because of it (Hosseini 139). The most relevant connection is between Afghanistan and the book would be the conflicts. The poverty that drove people in Afghanistan to sell their limbs to get food for their children also drove Amir’s dad to damage his health so his son could go to college and have a chance at a minutely good life in America. Another conflict was hatred between everyone. If everyone would learn to live with one another and treat each other respectfully; the nation would have been amalgamated and the Taliban would have never been able to rise into power and do what they did. And of course, at the heart of all problems: the high illiteracy rate. At the root of everything, the lack of education slowly corroded everyone’s common sense and gradually broke them down so much so that even the most basic things had to be learned. Tolerance, for example. When most people are born, their parents teach them to accept different types of people because everyone is born different. In places where racism is prevalent, chances are that most children have dropped out of school, houses are run down, the school nearby have a lack of teachers and half the time, the classes sit empty. If these are the conditions, than the community is building a base for violence. When a person is not able to tolerate someone else, then they often turn to violence to try to put an end to the constant irritation. One thing leads to another and soon, it all escalates to murder. In the book, Amir’s enemy, Asef, starts off being racist to Amir’s slave, Hassan, and gradually, the hatred grows to the point where Asef ends up raping Hassan. And even after that, when Asef joins the Taliban, he kills Hassan, and Hassan’s family. Then, the hatred is so strong that even after Hassan’s death, Asef find’s Hassan’s son and continues to hurt him for pleasure. Overall, the book shows all the daily problems of life in the background of Amir’s childhood and the odyssey to manhood as he goes back to a place that is shattered by war, hate, and deficiency of knowledge.
In the end, lack of education is the root of most social issues and Hosseini depicts this precisely in his book The Kite Runner when he speaks of Afghanistan specifically and the world on a broad basis. Illiteracy affects everyone from children to adults, from U.S. citizens to the people dying in Iraq. It slowly infects generations and eventually spreads so far that it breaks strong nations and reduces them into countries so weak that they can’t even stand on their knees. “The Principal goal of education is to create men who are capable of doing new things, not simply of repeating what other generations have done” (Simank). Jean Piaget said this about education once and it just shows how important education is and how broad this topic is.
Work Cited
Alan, Robert. "End Poverty Quotes." Culture of Peace. The People of Peace Project. 31 Jan 2009 .
Decker, Paul T. “Findings from the Education and the Economy.” An Indicator’s Report. Ed 1. 102. April 1997: 1-24 Path: Advanced Search; Findings from Education and the Economy.
Hosseini, Khaled. The Kite Runner. 1st New York: Bloomsburry Publishing PLC, 2004.
“Quotes in Education.” Donal Simanek’s Pages. Aug 2008. 12 Jan 2009 .
Schuety, Christine. "The Next Chapter." Public Library is the Backbone of Democracy Spring 2008 3 Feb 2009 .
Spinella, Marcello. “Orbital Function and Education Attainment…” College Student Journal. Sept 2004: 333. Path: Search; Orbital Function and Educational Attainment>.
Verlag, Springer. "Reflection on Balanced Allocation of Fundamental Education Teachers in Poverty-Stricken Areas of Ethnic Minorities: Example of a Survey in the Tibetan Autonomous County of Tianzhu in Gansu Province ." Frontiers of Education in China Jan 2006: 140-152.
Bibliography
Alan, Robert. "End Poverty Quotes." Culture of Peace. The People of Peace Project. 31 Jan 2009 .
Bolotin, Pamela and Sara Efron. “Seven Worlds of Moral Education.” Phi Delta Kappan. March 2005: 525-533. Bratvold, Gretchen, Ed. Visual Geography Series: Afghanistan…in Pictures. Minneapolis, MN: Learner Publications, 1989 “Causes of Child Poverty: Lack of Educational Attainment.” Fight Poverty. 2006. 9 Jan 2009 . Clifford, Mary L. The Land and People of Afghanistan. New York: Lippincott, 1989. Decker, Paul T.. “Findings from Education and the Economy.” An Indicator’s Report. Ed 1. 102 April 1997: 1-24. 11 Jan 2009 . Path: Advanced Search; Findings from Education and the Economy. “Education.” Afghanistan’s Website. 15 Jan 2009. “Education and Disability.” Education For All. 2007. 11 Jan 2009 . Path: Topics; Protection; Disability. Hosseini, Khaled. The Kite Runner. 1st New York: Bloomsburry Publishing PLC, 2004. Laird, Jennifer. “Dropout and Compleation Rates in the United Staes: 2006.” Compendium Report. Sept. 2008: 1-14. 12 Jan 2009 . “Quotes in Education.” Donal Simanek’s Pages. Aug 2008. 12 Jan 2009 .
Schuety, Christine. "The Next Chapter." Public Library is the Backbone of Democracy Spring 2008 3 Feb 2009 . Spinella, Marcello. “Orbital Function and Education Attainment…” College Student Journal. Sept 2004: 333. Path: Search; Orbital Function and Educational Attainment>. “The Importance of Education.” The Movement for the Revival of Islamic Thought. Jan 2009. 11 Jan 2009. .
Verlag, Springer. "Reflection on Balanced Allocation of Fundamental Education Teachers in Poverty-Stricken Areas of Ethnic Minorities: Example of a Survey in the Tibetan Autonomous County of Tianzhu in Gansu Province ." Frontiers of Education in China Jan 2006: 140-152.