Landing Gear

Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications DETEC Federal Office of Civil Aviation FOCA Aviation Policy and Strategy Environmental Affairs

AIRCRAFT PISTON ENGINE EMISSIONS

SUMMARY REPORT

Purpose of this paper: This paper aims to inform interested parties about the development of aircraft piston engine emission factors. These have been measured and are provided by Swiss FOCA for the primary purpose of emission inventory calculations. Furthermore, FOCA presents findings about emissions performance and in-flight operation of aircraft piston engines and recommendations for emissions reduction.

33-05-003 Piston Engine Emissions_Swiss FOCA_Summary Report_070709_rit

Reference: 0 / 3/33/33-05-003.022

FOCA, CH-3003 Bern

Reference: 0 / 3/33/33-05-003 ECERT Contact person: Theo Rindlisbacher Tel. [phone], Fax [phone], [e-mail] This document has been released for publication by FOCA, Aviation Policy and Strategy, Director M. Zuckschwerdt, 13.06.2007

2/49

Federal Office of Civil Aviation (FOCA), Environmental Affairs, CH-3003 Bern

Reference: 0 / 3/33/33-05-003.022

ABSTRACT According to Swiss aviation law (SR 748.0, LFG Art. 58), emissions from all engine powered aircraft have to be evaluated and tested. The legal requirement also incorporates aircraft engines that are currently unregulated and do not have an ICAO1 emissions certification – like piston, helicopter, turboprop and small jet engines. Credible emissions data are necessary for emission and immission inventory purposes, environmental impact assessments and for issues directly related to environmental protection. Up to now, there have only been few emissions data available for aircraft piston engines. This report tries to fill this gap of knowledge in a comprehensive approach. The following aspects are documented in this report and in its Appendices: • • • • • Emissions performance for a wide range of existing

Bibliography: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) Bombardier-Rotax, engine test stand data, property of Rotax, 2005 Chevron Products Company, Technical Review "aviation fuels", 2000 DLR, German Aerospace Centre, Institute of Combustion Technology, C. Wahl/M. Kapernaum, written and oral communication, 2004 – 2007 Hjelmco Oil, Aviation Gasolines, AVGAS 91/96UL description, Edition V, 1997 Hjelmco Oil, Aviation Gasolines, turbo fuels & lubricants, Fuel Certificate, 2005 HORIBA, Mexa 1170 HFID manual, 2006 ICAO Annex 16, volume 2, aircraft emissions, second edition, July 1993, amendment 5 Intertek Caleb Brett, C-H relation measurements for test fuels, FOCA property, 2006 Kas Thomas, Light Plane Maintenance, 2000, ISBN 0-965196-0-6 Porsche, PFM3200, Abgaskonzentrationen, BAZL, 1988 Technotest, Stargas 898 manual, 2003 Textron-Lycoming, Power Curves O-360 and IO-360 series engines, provided hand written documents TSI Incorporated, SMPS and EEPS functional drawings, 2007 US EPA, Control of air pollution from aircraft and aircraft engines, federal register, volume 38, number 136, July 17, 1973 US FAA, Advisory Circular AC34-1A US FAA, Federal Aviation Engine Emissions Databank, November 26, 1991 49/49 Federal Office of Civil Aviation (FOCA), Environmental Affairs, CH-3003 Bern