Curtis’ (1977) study of Genie gives much information about the privation we know today. Genie was a feral child, victim of severe abuse, neglect and social isolation caused by her father. She was locked alone in a room from the age of 20 months until she was 13 years and 7 months old. During this time she was almost always strapped to a child's toilet or bound in a crib with her arms and legs immobilized. Genie was never exposed to a significant amount of speech therefore she did not acquire a first language. Due to all this treatment she was undersized, she never focalized, continually sniffed, salivated, spat and clawed and was also very interested in exploring environmental stimuli. After Genie was rescued psychologists, linguists and other scientists focused a great deal of attention on her case. Genie was cared for initially at a childrens hospital in Los Angeles but subsequent placements eventually gave rise to debate. She was moved after 8 months to a foster home for a month and a half. After this move she was then again moved to multiple foster homes before returning to her mother, who at this point didn’t care for her, this led to her being put into a disabled adults hospital. Genie never made a full recovery, she lacked social responsiveness. Her lack of recovery may be due to the fact that she was found beyond the ‘sensitive period’ or because of the physical deprivation she experienced. However, there are many…
The Loyalty and Loss written by Margaret M. Storey is a well-written and persuasive book studying how the Unionists in Alabama, the Deep South state, confronted the Confederate authorities during the civil war and their life in the Reconstruction. The first interesting thing I found was that the diversity of the Unionists. The author tried to find the similarities among the different Unionists and surprisingly she found out that the Unionists were highly distributed. Some of them could from the infertile hill county and the others could from the rich Tennessee Valley. No matter how different their backgrounds were, all of them undertook great risks on defying the confederate authorities and fight for their belief.…
There is a debate between theorists about the way children learn languages when they are younger, the debate is known as the ‘nature versus nurture debate’. B.F. Skinner has a theory that the language baby’s spoke was down to the nurture after doing experiments on rats, this was called ‘operant conditioning’. Skinner believed that “adults teach children to talk through imitation”. (Beaver.M et al, 2008 page 56 +57). He gave the rats food as a reward when they did what they wanted him to do; he called it ‘positive reinforcement’. This is linked to when babies are spoken back to when babbling, it pushes them to speak more and then they care will give them attention and a rewarding response.…
Genie is socially, cognitively and physically developmentally delayed. Due to her severe isolation she has never learned to vocalize. Although she can visualize it is as if she has no sight due to the severe confinement she experienced. She displays physical oddities including walking like a bunny and spitting, due to her incapability to chew. For these ten years of lonely imprisonment, Genie lived a severely malnourished lifestyle. Improper meals were forced into her body prohibiting Genie from cognitive and physical growth. Abused and unloved, this tragic and strange case illustrates the extreme importance of critical and sensitive periods. The critical and sensitive periods indicate the ideal time frame for language and motor development, after which further development becomes more difficult and effortful to acquire.…
1. A fundamental component of the IS infrastructure is the ____________, that is, the computers that run the applications and databases necessary for processing transactions or analyzing business data.…
Developing language skills is important for a child because it affects their ability to make friends and be sociable and emotionally well fed beings.…
Babies are born without language, but all children learn the rules of language fairly early on and without formal teaching, how does this happen? In the first years of life, most children learn speech and language, the uniquely human skills they will use to communicate…
Different ages will require different levels of attention. It is up to you to be able to differentiate the different levels. A younger child may need assurance and more physical contact rather than an older child. As a child mature the physical contact is reduced and instead there is an increase level of confidence needed. They will need more help in expressing their opinions and thought across as well as involving themselves in discussion. Adapting your vocab is a good way to help progress in these levels as well as your response. Reacting positively by listening and responding to them accurately will help in their progress of effective communication.…
Young children acquire language through significant others by interaction in their immediate environment, through responding to sounds, sentences and experiences expressed by their parents, family, us, as practitioners and other carers.…
Language can be written, spoken or signed. The age and pace at which children reach each milestone of language development differs significantly from child to child. Children start off by pointing at objects and speaking single words, for instance, 'that' or the first few letters of the word. Girls build up language at a faster rate than boys. Language development mirrors the development of the brain. A child who has difficulty in expressing himself/herself or who has a foreign language to the one being used find difficulty in managing his behavior since not being capable to express himself/herself through language tends to make him/her behave aggressively, throw tantrums and have outburst of anger for no explanation.…
Children require continual exposure to language to become familiar with it and to learn how to use it. Abused and neglected children who are isolated from other people may never have the opportunity to hear…
Language development: Initially they make variety of happy sounds. As they grow they will make four to five different sounds and turn their head towards sources of sounds. Then they improve from using single words to complex words. By two they will use 30 to 150 words. After that they put words together into sentence.…
Outline some of the theories which seek to explain an area of development in the child.…
The early years are a time for rapid learning and development in a child’s life. Language is very important to learning since it helps the child to store information in an organized way and to express the child’s thoughts. If a child has difficulty in communicating with others due to a speech and language delay or disorder the child will be at a disadvantage. The child will have many problems.…
The Causes of Child Abuse and Neglect and the Long Term Effects on Human Development from Infancy to Adulthood…