Latin American Revolution Summary
LATIN AMERICAN
REVOLUTIONS (1800-1914)
By: Kayla, Keith, and Jesus
WHAT INSPIRED THE LATIN
AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS?
The American Revolution (1776) and the French Revolution
(1789) inspired individuals in
Latin American colonies to declare independence from
Spain.
WHY WOULD LATIN AMERICA
WANT TO BREAK FREE?
• Spain controlled trade and only used it to benefit Spain its self • Colonies were only allowed to trade with Spain and no one else • Under a complete control of Spain
• Spain kept the money and did not get shared with other colonies • Only people born in Spain (Peninsulars) could hold important jobs
MIGUEL HIDALGO
• Parish Priest in Delores, Mexico
• In Sep 1810 Miguel rang the church bell to grab attention of the locals
• He then delivered
a speech which promoted Mexican independence from
Spain, racial equality, and other needed reforms. HOW DID THE SPANISH
AUTHORITIES FEEL ABOUT
MIGUEL'S SPEECH?
• In January of 1811 Hidalgo is shot to death under orders of the Spanish authorities for his heretic opinions
• His cause still continued under another priest CHILEAN INDEPENDENCE
On September of 1810, Chile broke from
Spanish rule, declaring their independence
Led by Creole patriots like the Carrera brothers and Bernardo O'Higgins, Chile established a new government and fought off attempts by Spain
PARAGUAYAN INDEPENDENCE
• Independence occurred in 1811 when the people of Paraguay overthrew the government themselves
• After they gained independence josé
Gaspar Rodríguez Francia became dictator of Paraguay
INDEPENDENCE OF ARGENTINA
• Argentina independence was led by
Jose de san martin
• Gained independence in July 9,
1816
BERNARDO O' HIGGINS
• Chilean independence leader who, together with José de San Martín, freed
Chile from Spanish rule in the Chilean
War of Independence
Click icon to add picture BATTLE OF RANCAGUA
• Battle during the Chilean war of independence • Chileans were defeated by Spanish forces
• This defeat caused commander Bernardo
O'Higgins to seek assistance in Jose de
San Martin.
JOSE DE SAN MARTIN
• Commander of the Army of the Andes
(3,500 soldiers) along with Bernardo o'
Higgins
• San Martín led the soldiers from
Argentina across the Andes Mountains to liberate Chile and argentina from Spanish colonial rule.
CROSSING THE ANDES
• In January of 1817 the army started their journey
• Spain was expecting them and the army knew that so he fooled the Spanish by mentioning and incorrect route to some Indian allies
• As he suspected the Indians were playing both sides and sold the information to the Spanish.
• they had finally reached Chile in February of 1817 untouched. THE BATTLE OF CHACABUCO
• The Spanish army realized they were tricked and scrambled to keep the army out of Santiago
• The governor sent all available sources out to slow down the army of the Andes until reinforcements could show up
• The battle was a victory for the patriots who were able to enter Santiago and resume control of Chile for the first time since 1814
THE BATTLE OF MAIPU
• Jose de San Martin believed for Argentina and Chile to truly be free Spanish needed to be removed from power in Peru.
• Jose de san Martin went back to Buenos Aries to get funds and reinforcements
• He hurried back after he heard that Royalist and Spanish forces were threatening Santiago
• The patriots crushed the Spanish army, killing some
2,000, capturing around 2,200 and seizing all of the
Spanish artillery
• the victory marked the definite liberation of Chile
TREATY OF CÓRDOBA
• Established Mexican independence from
Spain at the conclusion of the Mexican war of independence.
• It was signed on August 24, 1821 in
Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico
• The treaty has seventeen articles, which developed the proposals of the Plan of
Iguala
IGUALA PLAN
• appeal issued by Agustín de Iturbide, creole landowner and a former officer in the Spanish army • His plan called for
• an independent Mexico ruled by a European prince • retention by the Roman Catholic Church and the military of all of their powers
• equal rights for creoles and peninsulares
• elimination of property confiscations
INDEPENDENCE OF GUATEMALA
• After observing Mexico's independence,
Guatemalans decided to follow the Mexican's lead and break free from Spain themselves
• Guatemala then opts to join with Mexico to form a larger state under Iturbide
GUAYAQUIL MEETING
• Meeting of Simon Bolivar and Jose de San
Martin
• San Martin called Bolivar to meet with him to discuss troubles regarding the liberation of Peru and to receive guidance
• by the end of their meeting, San Martin abdicated his power in Peru, and Bolivar took the initiative to begin its liberation
PERUVIAN INDEPENDENCE
• Peru independence was gained mostly by outsiders • Jose de san martin is known as "the protector of peru"
• San Martin led the military campaign of 4,200 soldiers. On July 28, 1821, he proclaimed the independence of Peru in Lima
• He used Chile as a sea base to attack Peru
BOLIVIAN INDEPENDENCE
• Bolivia was the first of the Spanish colonies to win its independence from Spain
• a process that lasted more than 15 years from
1809-1825
• The wars for independence started locally
• Then Simon Bolivar and Antonio Jose de Sucre joined in and helped them by organizing more efficient plans and armies
INDEPENDENCE OF URUGUAY
• Artigas's army won its most important victory against the Spaniards in the
Battle of Las Piedras on May 18, 1811
• Both Brazil and Argentina fight to take
Uruguay for their own territory
• Brazil and Argentina sign a treaty to stop their warring and to declare the independence of Uruguay
EMILIANO ZAPATA
• One of the most important figures of the
Mexican Revolution
• Commander of the liberation army of the south • He was elected mayor of the tiny town of
Anenecuilco in 1909
WHAT DID ZAPATA DO?
• Defended the peasants of southern Mexico from land owners • Rounded up some armed peasants and began taking stolen land back by force.
• Was declared an outlaw by the Mexican government
• He was instrumental in bringing down the corrupt dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz in 1911
SIMON BOLIVAR
•
today considered one of the most influential politicians in the history of the Latin Americas
• During his lifetime, he led Venezuela, Colombia,
Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia to independence from the Spanish Empire
• he helped lay the foundations for democracy in much of Latin America
• Bolívar is regarded as a hero, visionary, revolutionary, and liberator in Latin America
AGUSTÍN ITURBIDE
• Mexican army general and politician
• he built a successful political and military coalition that took control in Mexico City on 27 September 1821, decisively gaining independence for Mexico
• He is credited as the original designer of the first Mexican flag
JOSE MARÍA MORELOS
• showed himself to be a talented strategist, and became one of the greatest revolutionary military commanders of the war
• In his first nine months he gained 22 victories, destroying the armies of three Spanish royalist leaders and dominating almost all of what is now the state of
Guerrero
• By quick marches he was able to capture most of the
Spanish possessions on the Pacific coast
• He was taken prisoner and brought to Mexico City in chains. He was tried and sentenced to death for treason
REVOLUTIONS (1800-1914)
By: Kayla, Keith, and Jesus
WHAT INSPIRED THE LATIN
AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS?
The American Revolution (1776) and the French Revolution
(1789) inspired individuals in
Latin American colonies to declare independence from
Spain.
WHY WOULD LATIN AMERICA
WANT TO BREAK FREE?
• Spain controlled trade and only used it to benefit Spain its self • Colonies were only allowed to trade with Spain and no one else • Under a complete control of Spain
• Spain kept the money and did not get shared with other colonies • Only people born in Spain (Peninsulars) could hold important jobs
MIGUEL HIDALGO
• Parish Priest in Delores, Mexico
• In Sep 1810 Miguel rang the church bell to grab attention of the locals
• He then delivered
a speech which promoted Mexican independence from
Spain, racial equality, and other needed reforms. HOW DID THE SPANISH
AUTHORITIES FEEL ABOUT
MIGUEL'S SPEECH?
• In January of 1811 Hidalgo is shot to death under orders of the Spanish authorities for his heretic opinions
• His cause still continued under another priest CHILEAN INDEPENDENCE
On September of 1810, Chile broke from
Spanish rule, declaring their independence
Led by Creole patriots like the Carrera brothers and Bernardo O'Higgins, Chile established a new government and fought off attempts by Spain
PARAGUAYAN INDEPENDENCE
• Independence occurred in 1811 when the people of Paraguay overthrew the government themselves
• After they gained independence josé
Gaspar Rodríguez Francia became dictator of Paraguay
INDEPENDENCE OF ARGENTINA
• Argentina independence was led by
Jose de san martin
• Gained independence in July 9,
1816
BERNARDO O' HIGGINS
• Chilean independence leader who, together with José de San Martín, freed
Chile from Spanish rule in the Chilean
War of Independence
Click icon to add picture BATTLE OF RANCAGUA
• Battle during the Chilean war of independence • Chileans were defeated by Spanish forces
• This defeat caused commander Bernardo
O'Higgins to seek assistance in Jose de
San Martin.
JOSE DE SAN MARTIN
• Commander of the Army of the Andes
(3,500 soldiers) along with Bernardo o'
Higgins
• San Martín led the soldiers from
Argentina across the Andes Mountains to liberate Chile and argentina from Spanish colonial rule.
CROSSING THE ANDES
• In January of 1817 the army started their journey
• Spain was expecting them and the army knew that so he fooled the Spanish by mentioning and incorrect route to some Indian allies
• As he suspected the Indians were playing both sides and sold the information to the Spanish.
• they had finally reached Chile in February of 1817 untouched. THE BATTLE OF CHACABUCO
• The Spanish army realized they were tricked and scrambled to keep the army out of Santiago
• The governor sent all available sources out to slow down the army of the Andes until reinforcements could show up
• The battle was a victory for the patriots who were able to enter Santiago and resume control of Chile for the first time since 1814
THE BATTLE OF MAIPU
• Jose de San Martin believed for Argentina and Chile to truly be free Spanish needed to be removed from power in Peru.
• Jose de san Martin went back to Buenos Aries to get funds and reinforcements
• He hurried back after he heard that Royalist and Spanish forces were threatening Santiago
• The patriots crushed the Spanish army, killing some
2,000, capturing around 2,200 and seizing all of the
Spanish artillery
• the victory marked the definite liberation of Chile
TREATY OF CÓRDOBA
• Established Mexican independence from
Spain at the conclusion of the Mexican war of independence.
• It was signed on August 24, 1821 in
Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico
• The treaty has seventeen articles, which developed the proposals of the Plan of
Iguala
IGUALA PLAN
• appeal issued by Agustín de Iturbide, creole landowner and a former officer in the Spanish army • His plan called for
• an independent Mexico ruled by a European prince • retention by the Roman Catholic Church and the military of all of their powers
• equal rights for creoles and peninsulares
• elimination of property confiscations
INDEPENDENCE OF GUATEMALA
• After observing Mexico's independence,
Guatemalans decided to follow the Mexican's lead and break free from Spain themselves
• Guatemala then opts to join with Mexico to form a larger state under Iturbide
GUAYAQUIL MEETING
• Meeting of Simon Bolivar and Jose de San
Martin
• San Martin called Bolivar to meet with him to discuss troubles regarding the liberation of Peru and to receive guidance
• by the end of their meeting, San Martin abdicated his power in Peru, and Bolivar took the initiative to begin its liberation
PERUVIAN INDEPENDENCE
• Peru independence was gained mostly by outsiders • Jose de san martin is known as "the protector of peru"
• San Martin led the military campaign of 4,200 soldiers. On July 28, 1821, he proclaimed the independence of Peru in Lima
• He used Chile as a sea base to attack Peru
BOLIVIAN INDEPENDENCE
• Bolivia was the first of the Spanish colonies to win its independence from Spain
• a process that lasted more than 15 years from
1809-1825
• The wars for independence started locally
• Then Simon Bolivar and Antonio Jose de Sucre joined in and helped them by organizing more efficient plans and armies
INDEPENDENCE OF URUGUAY
• Artigas's army won its most important victory against the Spaniards in the
Battle of Las Piedras on May 18, 1811
• Both Brazil and Argentina fight to take
Uruguay for their own territory
• Brazil and Argentina sign a treaty to stop their warring and to declare the independence of Uruguay
EMILIANO ZAPATA
• One of the most important figures of the
Mexican Revolution
• Commander of the liberation army of the south • He was elected mayor of the tiny town of
Anenecuilco in 1909
WHAT DID ZAPATA DO?
• Defended the peasants of southern Mexico from land owners • Rounded up some armed peasants and began taking stolen land back by force.
• Was declared an outlaw by the Mexican government
• He was instrumental in bringing down the corrupt dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz in 1911
SIMON BOLIVAR
•
today considered one of the most influential politicians in the history of the Latin Americas
• During his lifetime, he led Venezuela, Colombia,
Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia to independence from the Spanish Empire
• he helped lay the foundations for democracy in much of Latin America
• Bolívar is regarded as a hero, visionary, revolutionary, and liberator in Latin America
AGUSTÍN ITURBIDE
• Mexican army general and politician
• he built a successful political and military coalition that took control in Mexico City on 27 September 1821, decisively gaining independence for Mexico
• He is credited as the original designer of the first Mexican flag
JOSE MARÍA MORELOS
• showed himself to be a talented strategist, and became one of the greatest revolutionary military commanders of the war
• In his first nine months he gained 22 victories, destroying the armies of three Spanish royalist leaders and dominating almost all of what is now the state of
Guerrero
• By quick marches he was able to capture most of the
Spanish possessions on the Pacific coast
• He was taken prisoner and brought to Mexico City in chains. He was tried and sentenced to death for treason