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British educator and philosopher Joseph Priestley (1733 – 1804) discovered oxygen in experiments, isolated the gas, and described its function in combustion and respiration. He also invented soda or carbonated water by dissolving fixed air with water. Unaware of the significance of his discoveries and because of his stubborn refusal to abandon the phlogiston theory, he named the new gas “dephlogisticated air.” However, it would be the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier (1743 – 1794) who gave the gas its present name, and was able to explain the nature of the element, accurately describing its role in combustion that totally discredit the phlogiston theory. In addition, Lavoisier collaborated with others to develop a systematic chemical nomenclature that facilitates dialogue among chemists and is still very much in use today.
Who Discovered Oxygen? …show more content…
Marie Curie was the first woman to ever receive the Nobel Prize. In 1911, Marie Curie received her second Nobel Prize, this time in chemistry for the discovery of radium and polonium. Other than Marie Curie, Linus Pauling is the only other person to ever received two Nobel Prizes.
Curie intentionally decided not to patent the process to extract and purify radium, leaving the door open to the scientific community to study the process unhindered. While being a brilliant scientist, Marie Curie also suffered from depression and kidney problems.
During World War I, Marie Curie pushed for the use of radiography field units for the treatment of wounded soldiers. The units included tubes of radon gas that Curie purified herself. Promptly after the war had started, Marie Curie don't she and her husband's gold Nobel Prize medals to help with the war efforts. On July 4, 1934, Marie Curie died of leukemia, which may have been caused by her exposure to radiation.
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