Leadership Theories and Styles
Leadership Theories and Styles
IAAP 2009 Administrative Professionals Week Event April 28, 2009
Development of Leadership Theory Development of Leadership Theory
• Until approximately 1930, there was not much academic interest in the area of leadership academic interest in the area of leadership • Fredrick Taylor –Scientific Management (time/motion Fredrick Taylor Scientific Management (time/motion studies of productivity) (late 1800’s) • Max Weber –(writing on bureaucracy) a leader possessed power by virtue of his position (1922) • Mary Parker Follett – participatory management in power with as opposed to power over (1926) “power with” as opposed to “power over” (1926)
Luther Gulick Notes on Organization ‐‐ 1937
• Work of the Executive Work of the Executive • POSDCORB
– Planning – Organizing – Staffing – Directing – Coordinating g – Reporting – Budgeting g g
Leadership a new definition Leadership – a new definition
• Chester Barnard – 1938 new definition of leadership The ability of a superior to influence the behavior of subordinates and persuade them to follow a particular course of action. (Barnard 1938)
Power French and Raven (1960) Power – French and Raven (1960)
• Legitimate power – comes solely from the position the g p y p superior holds in an organization • Reward power – comes by means of promotion, salary increases and interesting assignments i di t ti i t • Expert power – comes from the leader possessing superior knowledge of the matter under discussion superior knowledge of the matter under discussion • Referent power – comes from the fact that subordinates identify with the leader and respect him/her / • Coercive power – comes from forced actions and potential for punishment potential for punishment
Nature of Leadership Nature of Leadership
Effective leadership is a key factor in the life and success of an organization Leadership transforms potential into reality. Leadership transforms potential into
IAAP 2009 Administrative Professionals Week Event April 28, 2009
Development of Leadership Theory Development of Leadership Theory
• Until approximately 1930, there was not much academic interest in the area of leadership academic interest in the area of leadership • Fredrick Taylor –Scientific Management (time/motion Fredrick Taylor Scientific Management (time/motion studies of productivity) (late 1800’s) • Max Weber –(writing on bureaucracy) a leader possessed power by virtue of his position (1922) • Mary Parker Follett – participatory management in power with as opposed to power over (1926) “power with” as opposed to “power over” (1926)
Luther Gulick Notes on Organization ‐‐ 1937
• Work of the Executive Work of the Executive • POSDCORB
– Planning – Organizing – Staffing – Directing – Coordinating g – Reporting – Budgeting g g
Leadership a new definition Leadership – a new definition
• Chester Barnard – 1938 new definition of leadership The ability of a superior to influence the behavior of subordinates and persuade them to follow a particular course of action. (Barnard 1938)
Power French and Raven (1960) Power – French and Raven (1960)
• Legitimate power – comes solely from the position the g p y p superior holds in an organization • Reward power – comes by means of promotion, salary increases and interesting assignments i di t ti i t • Expert power – comes from the leader possessing superior knowledge of the matter under discussion superior knowledge of the matter under discussion • Referent power – comes from the fact that subordinates identify with the leader and respect him/her / • Coercive power – comes from forced actions and potential for punishment potential for punishment
Nature of Leadership Nature of Leadership
Effective leadership is a key factor in the life and success of an organization Leadership transforms potential into reality. Leadership transforms potential into