Left-Wing Guerrilla Group Analysis

When a country undergoes a transition of power there are many variables that effect both the social aspect of a country and the citizens way of life. During this period variables such as uncertainly, irrational decision-making, and fear of society itself promotes a state of unhealthy and frightful way of living. It becomes unsafe and causes one, as an individual, to lack and trust the government and its political parties—including its members. In Argentinian history, prior to 1973, Juan D. Peron remained in exile for roughly twenty years and upon his arrival on Argentina soil, what is known as the Ezeiza Massacre occurred, severing the Peronist movement into two separate political groups within this one political movement—the Left-Wing Guerrilla
Group and Right-Wing Guerrilla Group. By having this very predominant political movement—the Peronist movement— and by having such an intimate relationship among the people of Argentina it resulted in political violence for years to come, ultimately leading for the downfall of Argentinas society. Argentinas government was touched by many influential political leaders that left a mark within its society. Political leaders such as: Hipolito Yrigogen and Juan with his wife Evita Peron, left great insight and wisdom to its citizens after their time as political leaders of Argentina ended. However, coming back to the Ezeiza Massacre, its significance goes back to the beginning stages of Peron and his ideology he began to assemble. Peron and his political movement, the Peronist movement, is composed of both liberal and conservative ideals; therefore, by identifying the two political groups that originated from the Ezeiza Massacre, the Left and Right Wing Guerrilla Groups, it is interesting to see how originally both these political ways of thinking lived in unison—liberal and conservative. Then during a period of unrest and transition of power movements and organizations begin to change, in addition, leading to an indefinite separation. To reiterate, during the return of Juan Peron in 1973 two political groups originated from within the Peronist movement, the Left-Wing Guerrilla Group and the Right-Wing Guerrilla Group.
Each group now being seen as individual entities have different objectives in how they wanted government to be run in response to Juan Peron coming back from exile. To begin, the Left-Wing Guerrilla Group, also known as the Montoneros, is a group who are comprised of “‘old guard’ politicians aged sixty and over who [are] conservatives” (21). The Montoneros goal was for the push for a fascist government concealed under the complexity of democracy, in addition, to delaying the class struggle. The influence fascism has had on Argentina’s government is significant; again, in Peron’s early stages of being a political leader he looked towards other countries such as Italy during its reign under Benito Mussolini. By learning and adapting to both Italy’s political and leadership skills and how they managed to obtain social harmony, ultimately fascism was an solution to Argentinas problem. In addition, following the emergence of a new political group and how they believed society can be run in a society under the rule of Peron and to years following. Lastly, although there were a few prominent left wing organizations the Montoneros were the most prevalent left wing. Although the Montoneros—the Left-Wing Guerrilla Group—viewed Peron as a beacon of social change and viewed him as populist. Another group also took a great deal of influence from Peron, the Right-Wing Guerrilla Group also known as the Argentina Anti-Communist Alliance (AAA). The AAA is known as the second political group that emerged from Peron’s Peronist movement, their goal in society was: wage war on the Montoneros and follow with Peron’s economic and political
nationalism. As we can see through the beginning stages of this new decade the return of Juan Peron back onto Argentinian soil resulted in mass problems. Initially creating a divide within the Peronist movement resulting in extracting the fundamental bases of the Peronist movement and creating two political groups—the Montoneros and the AAA—, from this social unrest began to occur. Society, primarily Buenos Aires, began to have “political murder […] [t]he dead ranged from children ages four months to man of nearly [seventy]” (52). From that moment on, “Buenos Aires became a city roamed by unmarked cars […] whole lifetimes become smoothed dreams, destroyed in minutes by murderous nightmares and evil characters out of the most horrifying fantastic literature" (64). Essentially, what is occurring is that due to the fight among the two dominant parties these parties are ignoring their duty to the citizens of Argentina. Rejecting what Argentina to be—have social harmony and strive economically.