In the book Freakonomics, Steven Levitt & Stephen Dubner use the the rhetorical strategy of juxtaposition, putting two groups who are connected by some unseen trend or attribute. They do this to give the reader a wider conception and a more vivid explanation to why they are similar or different. They compare Nature vs Nurture, Higher Class Names vs Lower Class Names, Crack gang vs Mcdonalds, and Black names vs White Names.…
How they could lead to cheating. The first example is a day care center in Israel. However, this example does not necessarily involve cheating. It does show that if the incentives are not valued. Then they can have the opposite effect.…
The book Freakonomics by Stephen J. Dubner and Steven Levitt challenges conventional wisdom to find a hidden side of everything. The book takes some of America’s most controversial topics such as, cheating, the Ku Klux Klan, drugs and Roe vs. Wade and challenges common knowledge by asking provocative questions. Did you know that if you give a school teachers a large enough incentive, then they will cheat to win? At first when Dubner and Levitt proposed this question I did not believe them. I would have never thought that the people who lecture us year after year making sure we do not cheat were hypocrites; I was wrong. In 1996, the Chicago Public school systems decided to put into place an incentive program for teachers; if the teachers teach…
In Chapter One, titled “What Does It Mean to Think Like a Freak?”, Levitt and Dubner use the example of a penalty kick in soccer to make their point. Although most players who take a penalty kick aim at the corners, it makes more sense to kick the ball where the goalie is standing at the time of the kick. This may not seem like the best option, but when considering that goalies almost always try to anticipate the direction of the kick, the odds that the penalty kicker will be blocked are lower if he should choose to kick in the center of the goal. This brings across their point that thinking like a Freak may not necessarily mean working harder or looking at complex issues. Sometimes the right answer or solution is the most obvious one. Thinking like a Freak is noticing an obvious solution. In addition, they describe their thinking…
Naked Economics by Charles Wheelan gives the reader a basic understanding of the different aspects and workings of economics. Economics deals with incentives, which are reasons people may want to do something whether the end result be positive or negative. Another of the author’s points is that some governments are sometimes inefficient systems that pass regulations which limit consumers, however they are necessary. Lastly Wheelan states that everything one does, costs in some way.…
“An incentive is simply a means of urging people to do more of a good thing and less of a bad thing.” This quote from Freakonomics by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner explains why incentives are used in modern society. They are present to motivate someone to make a decision, whether it be a positive or negative one. Many times the average person thinks of an incentive as a term they are not familiar with, or that they don’t use on a daily basis. However, people everywhere use incentives on a daily basis to get what they want, whether they realize it or not.…
The book Freakonomics is generally a very informative with little bias in the work. Both sides of the argument would be presented in almost in all situations. Levitt did assume that social incentives would mostly be undermined by economic or moral incentives. The nonlinear development of the book does make it somewhat difficult to understand for individuals with little prior knowledge on the…
The book, “Freakonomics,” written by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, explores and explains the secret causes behind many economic situations. The main argument presented by this book is what economics really is: the study of incentives, and how people are rational, and will do whatever is in their ultimate best interest. Sometimes this will lead them to actions that are moral, and sometimes the very opposite.…
(Levitt & Dubner 12). In this essay, I will be focusing on how incentives are the cornerstones of…
Steven Johnson once said, “If you look at history, innovation doesn't come just from giving people incentives; it comes from creating environments where their ideas can connect”. In the book, Freakonomics, by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dinner, Levitt explains that incentives can change one person's perspective on a situation and motivate them to do something they have not done before. People use incentives to steer others to do something in their favor. Incentives can be against you because they can change your moral incentives to twist a system into their own favor, which involves cheating.…
In chapter two, Wheelan focuses on incentives. He states that “Good policy uses incentives to channel behavior toward some desired outcome” (Wheelan 39). In the simplest terms possible, he means that in a capitalistic society, looking out for a person’s interests is the best way to manipulate that person to get the desired result. In the market, companies consider the consumer’s incentive to promote sales while individuals consider their own incentive to make decisions. Wheelan provides an example of protecting the black rhino because tourists will pay to see them. Otherwise, hunters kill the rhinos for their horn, as it is highly in demand, and very rare and expensive. Similarly, in order to get people to buy more electric cars…
People have to face so many problems nowadays, and there are also many solutions for people to choose. But not all solutions work well in some situations. Therefore, in the book “Think Like a Freak”, S. Levitt and S.Dubner taught readers a lot of specific ways to solve the problem. According to the authors “Think Like a Freak”: “Understanding the incentives of all the players in a given scenario is a fundamental step in solving any problem”. Sometimes, the incentives don’t really work well. However, there are three situation that show different types of incentives, which is herd-mentality, moral, and social, work well and encourage people to do something good.…
Whenever a new point was brought up, there was evidence to support it — most of the time with testimonials from respected and educated people. These testimonials raise the author’s credibility, meaning a reader who is more likely to believe what he or she is ingesting. A common mistake many authors make is utilizing a logical fallacy as a point. Kristof did no such thing, always having logical reasoning and superb evidence, resulting in a stronger argument.…
The authors define economics simply as the study of incentives and how they are pursued, often a particular set of incentives that are so irresistible that people are driven to attain them through unscrupulous behavior. As an example, the authors study several prominent instances of cheating, and in each, Levitt devises a way to analyze the data to detect some of the patterns and incentives that served to compel the cheaters to act unethically. This includes Chicago public school teachers who changed student’s answers on high-stakes standardized test and japanese sumo wrestlers who have conspired to throw certain matches.…
There are some truths to Levitt and Dubner’s statement about how incentives are powerful, and how are incentives powerful. For example, how can I convince my parents to let me to stay out late night to spend with my friend. They will ask me, “Why do you want to stay out late night?” My parents are strict. I am working hard by getting good grades, having excellent work ethics, showing good responsibility, and being independent. I am a good boy under my parent’s roof, but it wasn’t enough for my parents. Being a good boy isn’t enough, and my parents said I have to clean our house before I’m able to go. I have to incentivize myself to clean my house and hope they will say yes. Once, they say yes to let me stay out late at night. I will keep…