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La libertad y sus límites, historia y problemas modernos

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La libertad y sus límites, historia y problemas modernos
1. Introducción

Libertad, capacidad de autodeterminación de la voluntad, que permite a los seres humanos actuar como deseen. En este sentido, suele ser denominada libertad individual. El término se vincula a de la soberanía de un país en su vertiente de 'libertad nacional'. Aunque desde estas perspectivas tradicionales la libertad puede ser civil o política, el concepto moderno incluye un conjunto general de derechos individuales, como la igualdad de oportunidades o el derecho a la educación.

2. La Libertad Y Sus Límites

Como es lógico, el reconocimiento de una libertad ilimitada haría imposible la convivencia humana, por lo que son necesarias e inevitables las restricciones a la libertad individual. La libertad se define como el derecho de la persona a actuar sin restricciones siempre que sus actos no interfieran con los derechos equivalentes de otras personas.

La naturaleza y extensión de las restricciones a la libertad, así como los medios para procurarlas, han creado importantes problemas a los filósofos y juristas de todos los tiempos. Casi todas las soluciones han pasado por el reconocimiento tradicional de la necesidad de que exista un gobierno, en cuanto grupo de personas investidas de autoridad para imponer las restricciones que se consideren necesarias. Más reciente es la tendencia que ha subrayado la conveniencia de definir legalmente la naturaleza de las limitaciones y su extensión. El anarquismo representa la excepción a todo esto, al considerar que los gobiernos son perversos por su propia naturaleza, y sostener que es preferible su sustitución por una sociedad ideal donde cada individuo observe los elementales principios éticos.

El equilibrio perfecto entre el derecho del individuo a actuar sin interferencias ajenas y la necesidad de la comunidad a restringir la libertad ha sido buscado en todas las épocas, sin que se haya logrado alcanzar una solución ideal al problema. Las restricciones son en no pocas ocasiones opresivas. La historia

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