Describe in basic terms how elements were/are formed during the big bang (including the reasons why only H/He formed abundantly), during normal stellar operation (including why some elements such as Si and Fe were formed more abundantly), and during supernova processes/explosion…
2. A neutron star (which is predicted to be formed in a supernova explosion) consists only…
4. Describe the difference in stellar evolution of stars the size of our sun with that of stars 4+ times larger than our sun. Include all of the steps and the causes of each step.…
Suppose you find a rock that contains 10 micrograms of radioactive potassium-40, which has a half-life of 1.25 billion years. By measuring the amount of its decay product (argon-40) present in the rock, you conclude that there must have been 80 micrograms of potassium-40 when the rock solidified. How old is the rock?…
The energy that comes from nuclear fusion hinders the star from continuing to fail. When the star reaches this union, at the moment that the nuclear fusion comes to light what was gas is now a star. In this situation, the Sun is the after math. In the existence of the Sun it is where we are in the here and now. Through nuclear fusion the Sun keeps on burning. Tens of thousands of years the nuclear acknowledgment will produce high- energy electromagnetic waves and they move out into space. They make contact with the surface and when moved into space by lower energy visible, infrared light, and ultraviolet light, (Villanueva, 2010). This is what exactly what defines lightens our planet today. Later when the hydrogen gets absorbed into helium, there is no more energy which will empower it to push out and block the Sun from being diminish. In the end the Sun would…
According to the Nebula theory, the Sun and all other objects in the Solar system was formed from material swirling around in the nebula…
This is theorised as how the excess angular momentum of the infalling material is expelled, allowing the star to continue along its lifecycle, and formation. When surrounding gas, dust, and other material disperse away from the star it can be considered a pre-main sequence star. The path it enters on the H-R diagram, is known as the Hayashi track, this track is characterised as when rapid contraction ends, and become more normalized, while the luminosity of the star which is to begin with very high begins to decrease, though the surface temperature experiences little to know change. Once its reaches the Hayashi limit, it will switch to the Kelvin–Helmholtz timescale. This is characterized as a stage when the pressure drops causing the star to shrink, which causes the core to increase in…
Deep inside a star, intense pressures cause hydrogen atoms to become helium atoms. This creates the energy, heat, and light that powers the stars and the sun. This is called nuclear fusion. Mostly helium will not combine with itself to create molecules but found as a single atom. Scientists believe that most of the helium in the universe was created at the formation of the universe. However, new helium is created in the center of stars and also as part of radioactive decay on Earth. Helium from radioactive decay can be found trapped underground in natural gas…
The life cycle of a star starts of with a nebula. Nebula's are made up of gas and dust, which slowly collects into a spinning cloud. This compresses to form a protostar, which is the birth place of a star. Next we have fusion ignition, the gases inside a protostar condense and eventually the heat and pressure causes the gases to ignite and this creates a star. We then move onto the main sequence, these are averaged sized stars in their youth. After a star has burned for awhile and has reached middle-age, medium-sized stars become red giants and large stars become red super-giants. Finally, there is the last stage in a star's life cycle, becoming a dwarf star or a black hole. Red giants will become dwarf stars and red super-giants become black-holes,…
There are multiple theories as to how life began on earth, beginning with the findings of various revolutionary scientists. This paper will discuss various scientists' theories and experiments as they strove to discover how life began, and the processes that might have occurred in order to develop and create the world we are now familiar with today.…
"In his book "Five Billion Years of Solitude: the Search for Life Among the Stars", Lee Billings describes the quest for answers to this profound question". (Lissauer, 2014, p. 2)…
A star’s life begins as simply a clump of gas known as a molecular cloud. Molecular clouds are very cold, around 10-30 K, and have a density of about 300 molecules per cubic centimeter. These clouds are full of hydrogen and helium and often contain heavier elements expelled from a large exploding star known as a supernova. There are over 120 different molecules in molecular clouds including carbon monoxide, water, ammonia, and ethyl alcohol. A protostar is the next step in the process. A protostar is the dense center of a cloud fragment and the early stage of a star’s formation. Protostars form as cloud fragments trap thermal energy. The temperature and pressure begins to build until the pressure is strong enough to push back against gravity and slowing the cloud. With the center now so dense and compacted, the upper outer layers no longer have support and begin to rain down into the center, increasing the protostar’s mass until all of the external gas is exhausted or blown away by solar winds. As the gas and other materials become more and more dense it becomes hotter. After it becomes hot enough and dense enough a nuclear reaction occurs. The hydrogen in the core turns into helium, and energy is produced. The star has now turned on and will continue to shine steadily for many millions or billions of years.…
The way these stars pulse is amazing. Jets of particles shoot from the pulsar’s magnetic poles, emitting powerful beams of light 7. As the pulsar rotates the beams go around like a lamp on a lighthouse, making the star appear to pulse on and off.…
The universe began, scientists believe, with every speck of its energy jammed into a very tiny point. This extremely dense point exploded with unimaginable force, creating matter and propelling it outward to make the billions of galaxies of our vast universe. Astrophysicists dubbed this titanic explosion the Big Bang.…
JKA 2009 All Japan Karate Women Kata FINAL 1st Place: Shirota Takaki Kata GOJUSHIHO SHO Nataka ...…