Peru is located on South America's central Pacific coast. The world's twentieth-largest nation, it borders Bolivia, Brazil, and Chile to the east and south, and Colombia and Ecuador to the north. Lima, the capital, is located on the central coast. Peru's 1,326,074 square kilometers (512,000 square miles) make it roughly the size of Alaska. Lima is approximately the size of Rhode Island. http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Americas/Peru.html#ixzz2KE35rwpJ The coastal plain is a barren desert except for the scattered oases that are found wherever rivers flow westward from the Andes. Much of the coastal region has scattered low hills or mountains, leaving relatively little flat land for settlement. Offshore along the coast is a string of small islands, remnants of an ancient mountain range. The millions of seabirds that roost on these islands have over the centuries deposited tons of guano--a valuable source of fertilizer.
The sierra is for the most part rugged and barren. Much of the highlands, particularly in the southern part, is a high plateau with an elevation of 13,000 feet (4,000 meters) or more. This is the region known as the altiplano. Here Quechua and Aymara Indians live by farming and herding, much as their