Literature Review
Early studies on impacts of broadband computer networks on society mainly focus on offering expert opinions, forecasting future trends, and speculating about the potential of the technology. More recent studies attempted to assess the penetration rate of broadband by focusing on specific types of applications requiring high speed (Chang, Lee, & Middleton, 2004; Cohill, 2005a, 2005b; Lee, O 'Keefe, & Yun, 2003). These studies also attempted to quantify the subscriber volume, which stands for the number and percent of customers purchasing the service. The studies have typically covered the “private sector business case” for broadband deployment and investments (Chang et al., 2004; Cohill, 2005a, 2005b; Lee et al., 2003). This has been especially the case in the United States where there is little public investment in the technology (NBUBRC, 2006).
Other studies went further in studying the business case by attempting to provide quantitative elements on either the return on investment in broadband infrastructure or the economic outcomes of subscribing to or using broadband technology. In other words, these studies attempted to assess either how much economic activity and further investment can be attributed to broadband expenses or how much savings have been achieved, how many jobs have been created, and so on. These attempts have faced challenges with data collection. Another major challenge was the issue of isolating the quantifiable impacts or changes that can be assigned specifically to broadband usage from those which are caused by other factors (Marlin & Bruce, 2006; NBUBRC, 2006). Shaw et al, (2005) revealed that, a positive attitude doesn’t essentially result to the wished behaviour.
Ruiz (2004) found that broadband access is an important part of enhancing rural community development in the United States, improving the economy, health care, and general quality
References: Bush, G. W. (2004). A new generation of American innovation. Executive Summary and President Bush’s presentation of a series of specific measures to inspire a new generation of American innovation on April 26, 2004. Washington D.C.: The White House. Chang, S., Lee, H., & Middleton, C. (2004). The deployment of broadband Internet in Australia: Areas for attention and implications from Canada and Korea. Retrieved from www.ryerson.ca/~cmiddlet/pubs/bband_aus.pdf Cohill, A.M Cohill, A.M. (2005b). Broadband Policy for Rural Communities. Presentation to the Canadian Government Telecommunications Policy Group, Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, Canada, September 9 Corning, Inc Comscore Media Metrix (2004). Canada, Demographic profile report. Retrieved March 21, 2007 from http://www.pwgsc.gc.ca/onlineconsultation/text/statistics-e.html County of Elgin Fransman, M. (2006). Global broadband battles: Why the U.S. and Europe lag while Asia leads. Stanford, CA: Stanford Business Books. International Telecommunication Union (ITU). (2006). Statistics and analysis: International telecom statistics and analysis. Retrieved April 2, 2007 from http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/statistics/ Lee, H., O 'Keefe, R., & Yun, K Lehr, H., Osorio, C., & Gillett, S. (2005). Measuring broadband’s economic impact. Retrieved from http://cfp.mit.edu/groups/broadband/docs/2005/MeasuringBB_EconImpact.pdf Marlin, A., & Bruce, D New Brunswick Universities Broadband Research Consortium. (2006). Transforming a rural society: Impact of broadband adoption in rural New Brunswick. Report edited for Industry Canada. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. (2006). OECD broadband statistics, June 2006. Retrieved March 27, 2007 from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/50/49/37530046.xls Platis, A Ramirez, R., Aitkin, H., Jamieson, R., & Richardson, D. (2004). Harnessing ICTs: A Canadian First Nations experience. University of Guelph. Retrieved from http://knet.ca/documents/INTRO-KNet-ver.pdf Ruiz, A Selouani, S.-A., Hamam, H., & Benahmed, Y. (2007). Broadband technology in the Acadian Peninsula: Report based on a case study. IEEE Canadian Review, 54, 8-12. Statistics Canada. (2001). New Brunswick: Heavy losses in migration to Ontario. Retrieved from http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/analytic/companion/mob/nb.cfm Statistics Canada Veenhof, B., Neogi, P., & Van Tol, B. (2003). High-speed on the Information Highway: Broadband in Canada, Industry Canada. Zamaria, C., Caron, A. H., & Fletcher, F. (2005). Canada online! A comparative analysis of Internet users and non-users in Canada and the world: Behaviour, attitudes and trends 2004. Toronto: Canadian Internet Project.