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Local Government and Labor Law Reforms

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Local Government and Labor Law Reforms
Democracy and Economic Reform in Nepal:
CONFLICT AND CONSEQUENCES FOR DEMOCRACY

Prem Khanal
Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellow National Endowment for Democracy

The views expressed in this presentation represent the analysis and opinions of the speaker and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Endowment for Democracy or its staff.

Outline of Presentation
Political Forces in Nepal History of Economic Reform Political Resistance to Economic Reform Today:
Financial Sector Labor Law Governance Public Expenditure

Consequences for Democracy

Political Forces of Nepal
Nepali Congress Communist Party of Nepal (UML) Communist Party of Nepal (Maoists) Monarchy

Political Parties
The Nepali Congress
1946: Nepal’s largest political party, the Nepali Congress, founded 1950: Plays a lead role in toppling the Rana regime and establishing constitutional monarchy 1959: Secures an absolute majority in Nepal’s first-ever multiparty elections 1960: King overthrows government in a military coup & imposes direct rule under single-party Panchayet regime for 30 years. 1990 and 2006: Congress plays a key role in pro-democracy movements of 1990 and 2006. 2007: Following suspension of the monarchy in December 2007, president of Nepali Congress G .P. Koirala becomes both head of state and of government.

Political Parties
Communist Party
Since its founding in 1949, the communist movement has been characterized by numerous mergers and splits 1991: Nepal’s largest communist party CPN (United Marxists Leninists) formed 1995: CPN (Maoists) formed. 1996: Launches armed insurgency to establish a communist state 1990 and 2006: Communist parties collaborate with Nepali Congress to play major roles in movements to restore democracy

Monarchy
1769: King Pritivi completes conquest to unite Nepal 1846: Rana regime captures power in bloody military coup 1960: King overthrows the first democratic government and imposes direct rule under the single party Panchayet
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