Logic Exercise 1 and 2
Mary Rose Anne A. Deriquito TTH 8:30-10:00
BSA-2
Determine whether the fallacies committed by the following arguments are formal fallacies or informal fallacies.
1. If Rasputin was really mad, then he deceived Czar Nicholas II. Rasputin was not really mad. Therefore, he did not deceive Czar Nicholas II.
Answer: Formal Fallacies
Explanation: This is a hypothetical syllogism and is a deductive argument. If it will be interchange it will be valid.
2. Everything that runs has feet. The Columbia River runs very swiftly. Therefore, the Columbia River has feet.
Answer: Informal Fallacies
Explanation: One must know the meaning of the word “run”. Run is used in the first sentence as a action verb done by people such as running with two feet. The second sentence does not fit the word run because Columbia River is not a person.
3. All persons who believe we create our own reality are persons who lack social responsibility. All persons governed by selfish motives are persons who lack social responsibility. Therefore, all persons who believe we create our own reality are persons governed by selfish motives.
Answer: Formal Fallacies
Explanation: The problem is on the second premise. All A are B All C are B All A are C if C and B are interchanged it will be valid.
4. The ship of state is like a ship at sea. No sailor is ever allowed to protest orders from the captain. For the same reason, no citizen should ever be allowed to protest presidential policies.
Answer: Formal Fallacies
Explanation: There is an error in constructing the premises.
5. Renowned violinist Pinchas Zukerman has said, “When it comes to vodka, Smirnoff plays second fiddle to none.” We must therefore conclude that Smirnoff is the best vodka available.
Answer: Informal fallacies
Explanation: Smirnoff is a person not a vodka.
6. If the Chinese government systematically kills its unwanted orphans, then the Chinese government is immoral. The Chinese government is indeed immoral. Therefore, the Chinese
BSA-2
Determine whether the fallacies committed by the following arguments are formal fallacies or informal fallacies.
1. If Rasputin was really mad, then he deceived Czar Nicholas II. Rasputin was not really mad. Therefore, he did not deceive Czar Nicholas II.
Answer: Formal Fallacies
Explanation: This is a hypothetical syllogism and is a deductive argument. If it will be interchange it will be valid.
2. Everything that runs has feet. The Columbia River runs very swiftly. Therefore, the Columbia River has feet.
Answer: Informal Fallacies
Explanation: One must know the meaning of the word “run”. Run is used in the first sentence as a action verb done by people such as running with two feet. The second sentence does not fit the word run because Columbia River is not a person.
3. All persons who believe we create our own reality are persons who lack social responsibility. All persons governed by selfish motives are persons who lack social responsibility. Therefore, all persons who believe we create our own reality are persons governed by selfish motives.
Answer: Formal Fallacies
Explanation: The problem is on the second premise. All A are B All C are B All A are C if C and B are interchanged it will be valid.
4. The ship of state is like a ship at sea. No sailor is ever allowed to protest orders from the captain. For the same reason, no citizen should ever be allowed to protest presidential policies.
Answer: Formal Fallacies
Explanation: There is an error in constructing the premises.
5. Renowned violinist Pinchas Zukerman has said, “When it comes to vodka, Smirnoff plays second fiddle to none.” We must therefore conclude that Smirnoff is the best vodka available.
Answer: Informal fallacies
Explanation: Smirnoff is a person not a vodka.
6. If the Chinese government systematically kills its unwanted orphans, then the Chinese government is immoral. The Chinese government is indeed immoral. Therefore, the Chinese