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Long-term effects of alcohol
Classification and external resources
ICD-10
F10.1
Disability-adjusted life year for alcohol use disorders per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004. no data less than 50 50–150 150–250 250–350 350–450 450–550 550–650 650–750 750–850 850–950 950–1050 more than 1050
Total recorded alcohol per capita consumption (15+), in litres of pure alcohol[1]
Most significant of the possible long-term effects of ethanol. Consumption of alcohol by pregnant mothers may result in fetal alcohol syndrome.
The long-term effects of alcohol (ethanol) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease[2][3] to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse.[4] High levels of alcohol consumption are associated with an increased risk of alcoholism, malnutrition, chronic pancreatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and cancer. In addition damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system can occur from chronic alcohol abuse.[5][6] Long-term use of alcohol in excessive quantities is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body.[7] The developing adolescent brain is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol.[8] In addition, the developing fetal brain is also vulnerable, and fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) may result if pregnant mothers consume alcohol.
The inverse relation in Western cultures between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease has been known for over 100 years.[9] There has been reluctance by many physicians, however, to promote alcohol consumption given the many concerns associated with chronic alcohol abuse. Some even suggest that alcohol should be regarded as a recreational drug, and prefer exercise and good nutrition to combat