In novels and play writes such as Barbara Kingsolver’s, The Poisonwood Bible and Euripides, Medea, the theme Role of women arises: women in many societies are subjugated and displayed as the inferior gender, when they are truly the strongest; they carry all the pain and suffering of society, the wars and the deaths; thus they are the pedestal that keeps everyone up. In order to reveal theme Kingsolver and Euripides make use of literary devices such as symbolism, imagery and diction. Using all three literary devices Kingsolver reveals that women such as Orleana believe that they are just rag dolls that are pulled, pushed and just there, even so realize how strong they really are; that if it was not for them their children would not be able to live. Medea on the other hand represents all the pains and struggles of women and is attempting to inform all women that they have the power and must stand up for themselves.…
In the play, Lysistrata, the women of Athens learn of Lysistrata’s plan to withhold sex in an effort to bring her husband back from war. The Athenian women decide to unite and implement Lysistrata’s plan in an effort to regain their own husbands and sons. In Aristophanes’ work he demonstrates his view of women as being cunning and resourceful beings yet at the same time comedic without even trying: The women make meeting to conspire plans, the women make themselves luscious to attract the males of the community, and the women work together as one to achieve a common goal. The Athenian women are seen by the males of the Greek society as stay at home mothers: cooking, cleaning, and offering sex. The stay at home mother is not considered to possess the…
Lysistrata is a play that was set in Athens between 410 and 412 BC. At the time the play was set, women were expected to have no rights in society, and were not allowed/expected to discuss their opinions in matters subjective to men only. Women also had to obey their husbands at all time, and accept any demands made by their husband. The Importance of Being Ernest (TIOBE) was set during the Victorian Era, and at this time, the way women were expected to behave was similar to that of Lysistrata. And men were expected to be committed, and had a strict set of rules to follow when trying to address a woman. However, in Lysistrata, the female characters (mainly Lysistrata and Myrrhine) are seen to break all the rules and norms expected of a woman as they rebel against the men by refusing to have sex with them in order to stop the civil war in Greece. In TIOBE, the female characters show glimpse of following the Victorian ideals of womanhood; whilst the male characters are seen to not follow the rules as much. Both the plays involve characters of the upper middle class and upper class; therefore the targeted audience will also be of upper and middle class people.…
In most Greek mythology there is a general hostility towards the female sex, which relays that most poets and writers themselves were sexist. Throughout Hesiod’s Theogony and Works and Days, women are portrayed in a very subservient manner, placing them far below men and are almost despised. However, in more than one instance, manipulation, women’s true power, is shown. They are constantly described as beautiful temptresses, which could be thought of as the weakness of many men. When Theogony and Works and Days are looked at as a whole it is obvious that Hesiod’s opinion of women, most likely shared by the Greeks themselves, is that they are inferior and subordinate to men.…
A big part of democracy is the freedom of speech and at this point in time of history, women stand in the shadows of their husbands especially when political discussions arise. In Lysistrata the main character, Lysistrata is all for democracy and the defense of democracy. The Greek culture was very focused on war and a lot of the economy was focused solely on producing resources for the war, all the revenue it would receive from the war and many even many of the Greek gods were related to war. Soldiers would pray to their gods during, before, and after and a victory was a gift from the gods and a loss was a punishment from the gods. War seemed to be the only thing that had any intention of the husbands and men of Greece, and Lysistrata along with her colleagues had enough of that. Although Aristophanes was secretly undermining the minds of high officials in Greece, he got away with it by incorporating his ideas for change with short…
During Greek Rule hundreds of years ago women were put to a standard and expected to maintain it through everything that they do. When any woman did anything out of the norm then they were most likely ridiculed for what they had done. In his play, Oresteia, Aeschylus highlights the implications of gender roles in Greek society with the foiling of Clytemnestra by Electra to illustrate the Greek ideals and views of woman in contrast to their men, the juxtaposition of Orestes and Clytemnestra as equal in their crime yet differing in justification and reaction by the chorus, and significance of male progression in justice as carried out through the victory of Apollo over the Euminides despite justice being carried out by a female goddess, Athena.…
Lysistrata is a comedic play written by Aristophanes, the ancient Greek playwright who is well known for his political satire. Lysistrata, was first performed in 411 BCE a time when women were rarely seen and certainly had no political voice. Aristophanes gives life to women in his humorous portrayal of a Lysistrata’s extraordinary mission to end the 20 year long Peloponnesian War. Lysistrata right from the start is a noticeable atypical woman as she is rallying women in the town market place which in that time was never seen. Lysistrata is distinctly different, and separate from, the other women, as she challenges the male authorities throughout and creates civil disobedience.…
“We women are the most unfortunate creatures” (Euripides 695). This worn-out grievance has poured through the vocal chords of all women since the first pains of childbirth, but more importantly the atrocious day men began to pervert the customs of marriage. Prominence and provocation clothe the declaration as Medea, a forlorn woman abandoned by her husband, explains the status and circumstances women of ancient Greece were subject to desolately endure. Scholars are blinded by the era of great philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, but the institutions and governments built by these “great men” denied the admittance of women into their institutions and therefore closed the door to potentially incredibly intelligent minds. All women, even those leading satisfactory lives, were subject to the unfair laws and barriers men created. Although women have been cast into the depths of submission through out the course of history, Medea daringly broke the ideal perception of weak and ignorant women in the Greek tragedy, Medea, where she made an aggressive speech by mournfully proclaiming,…
However, this is not a typical way that women were viewed in Ancient Greece considering that the women usually had no voice, vote, education or power. This is evident throughout the book in the stereotypical and sexist ways that the women and their actions were described. Most of the women were portrayed as lustful, weak, and superficial. For example, Calonice says, “But do without a dick? Be serious! There’s nothing, Lysistrata, like a dick” (Line 135). It is important to remember that the entire premise of the play was not to gain women’s rights or even peace, but to get the women’s sexual partners back from war. The quote just shows how the women were solely driven by lust, desire, and nothing else. Also, the women were described as superficial many times throughout the book. In the beginning they were discussing about beauty and how their “eyebrows look like bows to shoot me dead” (Line 8). Also in their oath to abstinence, the women pledged to “ sacrifice [their] nicest dress to buy some wine (and sacrifice the wine)” (Lines 113-114). These two examples just exemplify the stereotype that women just care about materialistic things, such as beauty and clothes. The oath continued to say that they would “cut [themselves] in two and donate half. A flat slice like a bottom- feeding fish”(Lines 115-116). Obviously they wouldn’t actually slice…
Aristophanes, whom is a comedic writer, wrote Lysistrata during the Greek civil war. This unstoppable combat was between Athenians and Spartans, whom believed that the only way to prove anything was through war. The theme of Lysistrata revolves around gender, sex, and also politics. Its reasons for development were that if men were not able to fix the problems occurring, women would then take the initiative and do so. The women then came together and decided to withhold sexual pleasure from their husbands in order to expedite a negotiation to end the war. On the contrary to their principal motive, this act made by the women then resulted in a confrontation between the sexes interfering with the political and also social aspect of their lives.…
By exploring the role of woman in Othello and other Shakespeare’s plays, this essay has demonstrated literature is most successful in dealing with a worldwide issue like gender role. A memorable play is a successful play. Gender inequality, a current critical subject, is an important theme found throughout the play. It has powerfully developed the readers’ feelings towards the subject and the play, making it unforgettable. Shakespeare’s plays are truly…
The play Lysistrata is a feminist tale that takes place in a time before there was a term and definition for feminism. It is a story in which women come and stand together for one common cause and belief and do what it takes to achieve peace and stability; a common cause anyone would be in…
The play Lysistrata is a feminist tale that takes place in a time before there was a term and definition for feminism. It is a story in which women come and stand together for one common cause and belief and do what it takes to achieve peace and…
Just as the language mirrors the theme of the play, so does character progression support the action that occurs within it. The main character, Lysistrata, shows concern: “Sorry, Calonice, but I’m furious. I’m really dis- / appointed in womankind. All our husbands think we’re such / clever villians ---” (10-12). These lines, spoken by Lysistrata is to her friend Calonice who responds “Well, aren’t we?” (13) at the beginning of the play, set the scene for the action that trails. Women, as represented by Calonice, have cunning debauchee-type personalities in need of firm leadership and course. Lysistrata; however, has a large sense of individual and social accountability and this is shown when she “called a meeting to discuss a / very major matter, and they’re [the women] all still fast asleep!” (14-15). After she confides into Calonice, the women begin to arrive. Due to her lines and the way that her followers believe in, and attend to her orders, the reader is fully aware of her witty and charismatic personality. Furthermore, she always keeps her final goal in mind, going so far as to test the Magistrate: “Listen, then - and try and keep those hands of / yours under control” (503-04). Still, Lysistrata does not exists as the only well-developed character. The choruses of men and women also serve an important purpose as they function as symbols of their…
Culpepper Stroup, S., Designing Women: Aristophanes’ Lysistrata and the “Hetairization” of the Greek Wife, Arethusa 37 (2004), 37-73…