MALARIA SURVEILLANCE
MALARIA SURVEILLANCE
Malaria is Malaria Is caused by infection with a single-celled nucleated protozoan of the genus Plasmodium. There are four species of Plasmodium that cause disease in humans:
P. Vivax
P. falciparum
P. ovale
P. malariae
P. vivax and P. falciparum are the most prevalent, accounting for almost 90 percent of all cases worldwide.
Malaria life-cycle
Anopheles mosquito goes through asexual and sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction occurs in the human body and sexual reproduction takes place in the gut of the anopheles mosquito.
Mosquitos are the final hosts of malaria whereas humans are the intermediate hosts
Sources of information for malaria surveillance
Reports of confirmed malaria cases
Malaria inpatients
Malaria deaths
Data from household surveys on the prevalence of parasitaemia and intervention coverage
Malaria household surveys
Multiple indicator surveys
Malaria indicator surveys
Malaria case definition
WHO recommends that suspected malaria cases be confirmed with diagnostic tests before treatment
Sometimes malaria diagnostic tests cannot be performed due to the unavailability of testing material. Diagram
Suspected malaria case: The person shows symptoms of malaria, but a laboratory investigation either has not been conducted yet, or has failed to find evidence of the parasite that causes malaria.
A health-worker may suspect malaria basing on clinical symptoms.
Presumed malaria case
The person is suspected to be having malaria, and did not receive diagnostic test, but was treated for malaria.
Confirmed malaria cases
A suspected case of malaria in which malaria parasite has been demonstrated by microscopy or RDT.
Not malaria
A suspected case of malaria which turns out negative on diagnostic test.
Malaria case detection
Passive case detection
Regular or periodic collection of data from case reports or register in health facilities where patients seek care at their discretion.
These include:
Mobile health services at
Malaria is Malaria Is caused by infection with a single-celled nucleated protozoan of the genus Plasmodium. There are four species of Plasmodium that cause disease in humans:
P. Vivax
P. falciparum
P. ovale
P. malariae
P. vivax and P. falciparum are the most prevalent, accounting for almost 90 percent of all cases worldwide.
Malaria life-cycle
Anopheles mosquito goes through asexual and sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction occurs in the human body and sexual reproduction takes place in the gut of the anopheles mosquito.
Mosquitos are the final hosts of malaria whereas humans are the intermediate hosts
Sources of information for malaria surveillance
Reports of confirmed malaria cases
Malaria inpatients
Malaria deaths
Data from household surveys on the prevalence of parasitaemia and intervention coverage
Malaria household surveys
Multiple indicator surveys
Malaria indicator surveys
Malaria case definition
WHO recommends that suspected malaria cases be confirmed with diagnostic tests before treatment
Sometimes malaria diagnostic tests cannot be performed due to the unavailability of testing material. Diagram
Suspected malaria case: The person shows symptoms of malaria, but a laboratory investigation either has not been conducted yet, or has failed to find evidence of the parasite that causes malaria.
A health-worker may suspect malaria basing on clinical symptoms.
Presumed malaria case
The person is suspected to be having malaria, and did not receive diagnostic test, but was treated for malaria.
Confirmed malaria cases
A suspected case of malaria in which malaria parasite has been demonstrated by microscopy or RDT.
Not malaria
A suspected case of malaria which turns out negative on diagnostic test.
Malaria case detection
Passive case detection
Regular or periodic collection of data from case reports or register in health facilities where patients seek care at their discretion.
These include:
Mobile health services at
References: http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/disease.html http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/ http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/atoz/9789241503334/en/index.html www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/atoz/9789241503334/en/index.html Malaria | MSMVCD (Marin / Sonoma Mosquito & Vector Control ... (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.msmosquito.com/vectors-diseases/diseases/malaria http://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Health/Malaria