Malcolm X/ Frederick Douglass
Frederick Douglass and Malcolm X: From Illiteracy to Illumination
Most people learn to read and write with the help of a teacher and workbooks in a classroom. Frederick Douglass and Malcolm X had none of these advantages. Despite great obstacles both Frederick Douglass and Malcolm X became literate. Although their paths to literacy have some notable differences, the similarities are most striking. They both learned to read and write largely on their own, and in the process, became independent thinkers with a profound influence on others.
Frederick Douglass and Malcolm X were remarkably resourceful and self-reliant during their journey towards literacy. They were diligent in that they used whatever time they had to learn more. Slaveholders deliberately withheld education from slaves as a means of suppression, “for it is an almost unpardonable offence to teach slaves to read…”(Douglass 146). His mistress was unaware of this practice, teaching him the alphabet before her husband could stop the lessons. After this he then would bribe or trick local white boys to teach him more or used shipyard timber and stolen copy-books. Malcolm X was also resourceful. He entered jail with an eighth grade education, but after copying the entire dictionary by hand, and studying it “like a miniature encyclopedia” (X 283), he was able to “...pick up a book...and now begin to understand what the book was saying” (X 283). These remarkably self-motivated men learned to read and write almost entirely independently.
Despite these similarities, the self education of Malcolm X and Douglass has notable differences. As a slave, Douglass was putting himself in danger by learning to read and write. Nothing made his mistress more angry than “to see me with a newspaper” (Douglass 145). He had to be secretive, for fear of physical punishment. In contrast, Malcolm X learned to read in a much safer environment. After spending his adolescence and adulthood on the streets, his punishment for
Most people learn to read and write with the help of a teacher and workbooks in a classroom. Frederick Douglass and Malcolm X had none of these advantages. Despite great obstacles both Frederick Douglass and Malcolm X became literate. Although their paths to literacy have some notable differences, the similarities are most striking. They both learned to read and write largely on their own, and in the process, became independent thinkers with a profound influence on others.
Frederick Douglass and Malcolm X were remarkably resourceful and self-reliant during their journey towards literacy. They were diligent in that they used whatever time they had to learn more. Slaveholders deliberately withheld education from slaves as a means of suppression, “for it is an almost unpardonable offence to teach slaves to read…”(Douglass 146). His mistress was unaware of this practice, teaching him the alphabet before her husband could stop the lessons. After this he then would bribe or trick local white boys to teach him more or used shipyard timber and stolen copy-books. Malcolm X was also resourceful. He entered jail with an eighth grade education, but after copying the entire dictionary by hand, and studying it “like a miniature encyclopedia” (X 283), he was able to “...pick up a book...and now begin to understand what the book was saying” (X 283). These remarkably self-motivated men learned to read and write almost entirely independently.
Despite these similarities, the self education of Malcolm X and Douglass has notable differences. As a slave, Douglass was putting himself in danger by learning to read and write. Nothing made his mistress more angry than “to see me with a newspaper” (Douglass 145). He had to be secretive, for fear of physical punishment. In contrast, Malcolm X learned to read in a much safer environment. After spending his adolescence and adulthood on the streets, his punishment for