Management and Planning
Unit4: Planning
Meaning and Definition of Planning
Planning is the primary function of management. It focuses on the future course of action. It specifies the objectives to be achieved in future and selects the alternative course of action to reach defined objectives. It also involves many activities like analyzing and decision making about technical, personnel, financial, and other elements essential to implement predetermined course of action. Thus, planning is mental and paper activities which look ahead for drawing the future course of action. In other words, planning is intellectual process which is concerned with deciding in advance what, when, why, how, and who shall do the work. Generally, manager defines goals and takes necessary steps to ensure that these goals can be achieved in efficient manner. Planning reflects vision, foresight and wisdom. Thus, it is the blue print of action and operation. Following are the important definition of planning:
“Generally speaking, planning is deciding in advance what is to be done” W H Newman
“Planning is that function of manner in which he decides in advance what he will do. It is a decision making process of a special kind, its essence is futurity.” Hayness and Massie
“Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do, when to do and who is to do it. Planning bridges a gap between from where we are to where we want to go” Harold . Koontz and O’Donnel.
“ Planning is the selecting and relating of facts and the making and using of assumption regarding the future in the visualization and formulation of proposed activities believed necessary to achieve desired results” George R Terry
From the above definition, we may come into conclusion that planning is predetermination of objectives and intellectual course of action to be taken to achieved defined goal
Meaning and Definition of Planning
Planning is the primary function of management. It focuses on the future course of action. It specifies the objectives to be achieved in future and selects the alternative course of action to reach defined objectives. It also involves many activities like analyzing and decision making about technical, personnel, financial, and other elements essential to implement predetermined course of action. Thus, planning is mental and paper activities which look ahead for drawing the future course of action. In other words, planning is intellectual process which is concerned with deciding in advance what, when, why, how, and who shall do the work. Generally, manager defines goals and takes necessary steps to ensure that these goals can be achieved in efficient manner. Planning reflects vision, foresight and wisdom. Thus, it is the blue print of action and operation. Following are the important definition of planning:
“Generally speaking, planning is deciding in advance what is to be done” W H Newman
“Planning is that function of manner in which he decides in advance what he will do. It is a decision making process of a special kind, its essence is futurity.” Hayness and Massie
“Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do, when to do and who is to do it. Planning bridges a gap between from where we are to where we want to go” Harold . Koontz and O’Donnel.
“ Planning is the selecting and relating of facts and the making and using of assumption regarding the future in the visualization and formulation of proposed activities believed necessary to achieve desired results” George R Terry
From the above definition, we may come into conclusion that planning is predetermination of objectives and intellectual course of action to be taken to achieved defined goal