Management Thot
Management Thought
UNIT 2 MANAGEMENT THOUGHT
Structure
2.0 Introduction 2.1 Unit Objectives 2.2 Approaches to Management
2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 Max Weber 's Bureaucracy F.W. Taylor 's Scientific Management Henri Fayol 's Process and Operational Management Human Relations Approach Behaviourial Approach System Approach and Contingency Approach
NOTES
2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7
Summary Key Terms Answers to ‘Check Your Progress’ Questions and Exercises Further Reading/References
2.0 INTRODUCTION
The practice of management is as old as human civilization itself. In fact, much of the progress made by mankind over the centuries may be attributed to the effective management of resources. Examples of effective management of resources can be the irrigation systems, existence of public utilities and the construction of various monuments like Taj Mahal and the Egyptian pyramids of the bygone era. These examples amply demonstrate the practice of management in the olden days. The ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome and Indus Valley displayed the marvellous results of fine management practices. However, the study of management in a methodical fashion as a distinguished body of knowledge originated only recently. This is the reason for management being expressed as the ‘oldest of the arts and youngest of the sciences. Therefore, the practice of management cannot be considered as a new venture. Management has been practiced for thousands of years. But the science part of it, which refers to the systematic body of knowledge, is no doubt a phenomenon of the present century. The traditional management practices remained quite stable until the Industrial Revolution that began in the mid-eighteenth century. The Industrial Revolution substituted man power by machine power through several scientific inventions. As a result, within a few decades, industrial activity went through a metamorphosis. Man’s quest for finding new ways of doing things while
UNIT 2 MANAGEMENT THOUGHT
Structure
2.0 Introduction 2.1 Unit Objectives 2.2 Approaches to Management
2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 Max Weber 's Bureaucracy F.W. Taylor 's Scientific Management Henri Fayol 's Process and Operational Management Human Relations Approach Behaviourial Approach System Approach and Contingency Approach
NOTES
2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7
Summary Key Terms Answers to ‘Check Your Progress’ Questions and Exercises Further Reading/References
2.0 INTRODUCTION
The practice of management is as old as human civilization itself. In fact, much of the progress made by mankind over the centuries may be attributed to the effective management of resources. Examples of effective management of resources can be the irrigation systems, existence of public utilities and the construction of various monuments like Taj Mahal and the Egyptian pyramids of the bygone era. These examples amply demonstrate the practice of management in the olden days. The ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome and Indus Valley displayed the marvellous results of fine management practices. However, the study of management in a methodical fashion as a distinguished body of knowledge originated only recently. This is the reason for management being expressed as the ‘oldest of the arts and youngest of the sciences. Therefore, the practice of management cannot be considered as a new venture. Management has been practiced for thousands of years. But the science part of it, which refers to the systematic body of knowledge, is no doubt a phenomenon of the present century. The traditional management practices remained quite stable until the Industrial Revolution that began in the mid-eighteenth century. The Industrial Revolution substituted man power by machine power through several scientific inventions. As a result, within a few decades, industrial activity went through a metamorphosis. Man’s quest for finding new ways of doing things while
References: 1. Drucker, P. The Practice of Management. Harper & Row, New York, 1954. 2. George, C. S. The History of Management Thought. Prentice Hall, 1968, pp. 20-21. 3. Wren, D. A. and R. D. Hay. Management Historians and Business Historians; Differing Perceptions of Pioneer Contributors. Academy of Management Journal (Sept. 1977), pp. 470-476. 4. Garbut, D., C. Babbage: Pioneer of Scientific Operations Research. The Accountant, London, Sept. 16, 1971, p. 389. 5. Babbage, C. On the Economy of Machinery and Manufacturers. Carey and Lea, Philadelphia, 1832. Management Thought NOTES Self-Instructional Material 81